Harley Davidson Marketing Strategy Essay

1. Official Summary Harley Davidson is an American bike organization established in 1903 by William S. Harley and Arthur Davidson. In the accompanying 108 years of business, the Harley Davidson business has persevered through the pinnacles and troughs of economies to be perceived as a notable brand in the bike business. In the wake of breaking records on the race track, Harley Davidson ties down agreements to gracefully 60000 bikes American military during World War II, uncovering a large number of servicemen to the Harley Davidson brand. Through cunning advertising and situating, Harley Davidson has shed the whiskery biker picture, and now bids to individuals from changing foundations everywhere throughout the globe. The accompanying report will give a situational investigation of the Harley Davidson Motorcycle Company and talk about a portion of the promoting systems that have empowered Harley Davidson to adjust to its commercial center and make client reliability once in a while observed in todayâ₠¬â„¢s business condition. Oliver as refered to in Sorce (2002) talks about the parts of creating client devotion, and four components that are fundamental so as to do this; 1. The item should be seen as prevalent by an enormous enough section of the firm’s clients so as to be gainful. 2. The item should be dependent upon love (or centered duty). 3. The item should be able to be installed in an informal organization. 4. The firm should be eager to consume assets to make the town (Sorce, 2002). The conversations in the accompanying report will build up without question that Harley Davidson has in actuality accomplished a momentous degree of client unwaveringness. By making this unwaveringness Harley Davidson draws in their clients and empowers them to concentrate on growing long haul associations with them. It is anything but difficult to state that Harley Davidson is an organization that sells bikes. In all actuality they are not simply selling cruisers, they are making pictures of a way of life; the bike is only a portrayal of this picture. The cruiser doesn't extend the picture; it fills the picture. (Fä ±rat, Dholakia and Venkatesh, 1995) 2. Situational Analysis 2a.Strengths Harley Davidson is lucky to hold a market position that flaunts numerous qualities and openings that conceivably exceed their dangers and shortcomings. In 2010 Harley Davidson picked up around 55% of the overwhelming weight bike advertise in the USA, a minimal increment from 2009 and generously higher than 2008 (Harley Davidson, 2011). This is a promising pattern in monetarily unsure occasions. The brand acknowledgment of Harley Davidson proceeds and stays an unmistakable bit of leeway over its opposition, particularly in the American market. As of late, Harley Davidson has put forth a deliberate attempt in focusing on a more extensive scope of clients with their scope of cruisers. Before the finish of 2010 Harley Davidson has likewise become the number 1 merchant of overwhelming weight bikes to ladies, Hispanics and African-Americans. Another achievement has been in a market of which they had been recently censured for not focusing on well, youthful grown-ups between the ages 18-34; starting at 2010 they currently hold that number 1 situation also (HD, 2011). There is little uncertainty that the genuine accomplishment in target promoting has been the advancement of the Harley Owners Group (HOG). Hoard enrollment is given with all acquisition of another Harley Davidson cruiser; managing the individuals advantages, for example, emergency aides, HOG magazine, Fly and ride rental arrangements, visiting data and occasion data. The HOG bunch summarizes it well on their site; â€Å"the Harley Owners Group is something other than a cruiser association. It is one million individuals around the globe joined by a typical enthusiasm: making the Harley-Davidson dream a method of life† (HD, 2011). 2b.Weaknesses Despite the fact that the USA advertise is exceptionally solid for Harley Davidson, they are gaining moderate ground in picking up piece of the overall industry in the global market. The client dedication that Harley Davidson appreciates in the USA is tested universally by rival overwhelming weight producers, for example, BMW, Triumph, Honda and Kawasaki. Globally, Europe has the biggest interest for substantial weight cruisers; where Harley Davidson has just figured out how to obtain under 13% of this worthwhile market (HD, 2011). 2c.Opportunities One of Harley Davidson greatest open doors is naturally connected to its significant shortcoming. Globally there is an enormous piece of an extremely large pie that Harley Davidson has not figured out how to achieve. Despite the fact that Harley Davidson has under 13% of the overwhelming weight bike deals in Europe, they figure out how to hold the number 2 positioning in this market. This positioning demonstrates that nobody contender possesses the substantial weight showcase in Europe and recommends that the client dependability among the contenders is a long way from what Harley Davidson appreciates in the USA. Having accomplished the main positioning for deals to ladies, Harley Davidson still have a huge potential client base in pulling in more ladies riders. Since 2007 Harley Davidson has multiplied its promoting spend and discharged bicycles increasingly fit to ladies riders, who currently represent 12% of Harley Davidson deals in the USA (Clothier, 2010). 2d.Threats Beside the standard dangers presented by rivals in the heavyweight showcase, Harley Davidson will confront a similar danger that looms for most manufacturers†¦economic vulnerability. Despite the fact that the current monetary circumstance in the USA is probably not going to compromise the current Harley Davidson piece of the overall industry in its center market; it might absolutely undermine its money related dependability. The faithful clients in the USA may not get some distance from Harley Davidson, yet they will be bound to postpone their arranged overhauls and attire buys. The monetary dangers in the worldwide market may represent a progressively genuine danger to Harley Davidson. Not exclusively are there monetary weights present in every worldwide market, yet they are progressively powerless to vacillations in outside trade rates. In the event that these weights cause Harley Davidson sellers to close their entryways it can prompt a descending weight on bike costs, decrea sed retail inclusion, diminished overhauling capacities and a general negative impact on Harley Davidson as a brand. (HD, 2011) 3. Examination of Harley Davidson Case Study Joanne Bischmann, VP of Marketing for Harley-Davidson recognizes the company’s offer by expressing â€Å"We satisfy dreams propelled by the numerous streets of the world by giving exceptional bikes and client encounters. We fuel the energy for opportunity in our clients to communicate their own individuality† (Pearson Prentice Hall,2011). The watcher is left with a reasonable understanding that Harley Davidson isn't just about selling cruisers; they are selling dreams and ways of life. It is intriguing to take note of that even Joanne Bischmann has been sold on this; she clarifies gruffly that she would prefer to surrender most different things than her Harley. It is additionally standard for other Harley Davidson officials to go to HOG rallies, empowering them to figure out their item, however build up a comprehension of the individuals that buy their item. (Berry, 2002) There is little uncertainty that one of Harley Davidson’s most prominent achievements in its showcasing methodologies has been the origination of the Harley Owners Group (H.O.G). H.O.G has given Harley Davidson proceeded and approved access to their clients and helped the organization to make an unequivocal brand network. By setting up this brand network, H.O.G has supported a connection between the client and the organization, the brand, the company’s items and significantly, individual clients. The meetings and capacities sorted out by H.O.G has united clients and gatherings disconnected in any capacity other than the shared valuation for a Harley Davidson item (MacAlexander, Schouten and Keoning, 2002). In doing this Harley Davidson has figured out how to convey on the guarantees of advantages in their incentive, making it a reality instead of just words. Harley Davidson has built up a client steadfastness that would make most producers desirous. Through astute vital showcasing Harley Davidson has built up a quality item that furnishes the devoted shopper with precisely what they are looking for. Basically they have made an after of â€Å"True Friends† as depicted by Armstrong and Kotler (2011); The firm needs to make ceaseless relationship ventures to enchant these clients and suppor t, hold, and develop them. It needs to transform genuine companions into genuine devotees who return consistently and educate others concerning their involvement in the organization. It is hard to coordinate the above definition any closer than H.O.G figures out how to do as such. They unite energetic people and gatherings who are savagely faithful to the Harley Davidson brand. It is hard to accept that the individuals don't waxâ lyrical about their undertakings and goes with H.O.G conveying an entirely different scope of potential clients to Harley Davidson. While considering the Harley Davidson brand network it appears to be likely that the gatherings Armstrong and Kotler (2011) term Strangers or Barnacles would represent an insignificant portion of their client base. With the nearness of such a large number of â€Å"True Friends†, Harley Davidson has without a doubt built up a client value base of significant extent. It isn't just the way that a Harley proprietor is a steadfast fan; around 75% of them are rehash purchasers. The clients have purchased in to the sentiment and way of life of the brand supporting that â€Å"investment in a Harley is more than monetary and the job of the bicycle is more than functional† (Schembri, 2008). Notwithst anding the client value, this guideline may thus prompt genuine money related value as showed by MacAlexander et al. (2002) numerous dedicated clients tend to put resources into the company’s stock, their passionate interest in the government assistance of the organization and a desi

Early River Valley Civilizations free essay sample

The four early stream valley human advancements were the Sumerian/Mesopotamia, Egyptian, Harappan and Ancient China. These human advancements were situated on prolific stream beds to make planting crops a lot simpler. They all made innovative advances in their time range and set the ground for people in the future. The Sumerian human advancement otherwise called Mesopotamia/The Fertile Crescent is situated between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers†¦. this is the means by which it gets its name the Fertile Crescent. The atmosphere for this progress is dry with the exception of in the region between the waterways. The waterway flood at any rate once a year leaving a thick layer of mud called residue behind. There were downsides to living hear however flooding was frequently eccentric and extremely dry through the late spring months. There were additionally no regular obstructions so on the off chance that you were a town out in the open you were probably going to be assaulted. Normal assets were likewise constrained. The answers for a portion of these issues were; they manufactured water system trench, set up dividers and exchanged with individuals around them for assets that they needed. Mesopotamia’s government structure was a city state. Every city in Mesopotamia had its own administration, rulers, and warriors. Every city had its own god additionally in the focal point of every city-state was a ziggurat a spot where that city-state’s god could be loved. Despite the fact that the urban communities all mutual regular culture they all worked freely. The various guidelines frequently saved the decision in the family for some ages this otherwise called a tradition. The religion part of this progress was polytheistic or trusted in numerous divine beings. There were 3 branches to the social class clerics and eminence were on top followed by well off vendors and common specialists. Ladies in this human advancement were not permitted to go to class making it so they couldn't peruse or compose except if you were well off. Slaves were utilized and they were not free. This human progress created one of the main types of composing otherwise called Cuneiform. They likewise concocted the wheel, the sail and the furrow. They were likewise the first to utilize bronze. At around 2,000 BCE Mesopotamia turned into the Babylonian Empire. The capital of this domain was Babylon based on the Euphrates River. The rule of intensity was held by Hammurabi. He is most notable for his laws â€Å"An tit for tat, an ear for an ear. These laws were carefully followed however regardless of whether they were unforgiving. He brought together all the city states into one huge realm. The Egyptian human advancement was situated on a restricted strip along the Nile River. The geology of this land was desert on the two sides giving them normal hindrances and insurance structure intruders. The desert likewise caused disengagement for this human advancement. They experienced flooding however it was unsurprising. The type of government they had was religious government where the ruler accepted that they were heavenly and god-like. The entire country of Lower and Upper Egypt was joined as entire country however. Egypt was governed by a pharaoh also called a type of lord. They additionally accepted that the pharaohs were a sort of god. So the pharaohs would assume a job in political and strict jobs. Egyptian individuals likewise accepted that much after a ruler kicked the bucket they despite everything administered in life following death. The captives of the general public manufactured goliath sanctuaries or tombs for the rulers to be put into alongside many has a place and other natural things to be given to life following death with them. These structures are what we realize today as pyramids. The sort of convictions they had been polytheistic in light of the fact that they accepted all rulers were divine beings. Social orders social class was divided†¦You had the imperial family†¦. the privileged made up of landowners, clerics, armed force leaders and government authorities. At that point you had the working class made up of craftsmans and traders. At that point there was the lower class made up of laborers and untalented specialists. Ladies in this general public had the rights as the men and could look for separate. Their correcting framework was called hieroglyphics. They concocted papyrus a type of paper to compose on. This progress was the first to utilize the stone section. They made extraordinary advances in medication and utilized a number framework with a base of 10 and had decimals. The Indus River Valley Civilization started at around 2500 B. C additionally alluded to as the Harappan Civilization settle along the Indus River. This region was bigger than Mesopotamia. They were ranchers with restricted government control. There wasn’t a lot of a social class since they all lived in comparative lodging frameworks. They were quiet individuals from what students of history can tell on the grounds that not a lot of weapons were found. Their religion is connected to Hinduism making them polytheistic. They experienced yearly rainstorm in the late spring and they were unsurprising and this is the point at which the waterway would flood. Old China created along the Huang He/Yellow River. The geology was sea, desert, and high mountains. This made China create in detachment driving them to think they were the venter of the world. They created calligraphy composing and the craft of paper making. In their general public there was a sharp division between rulers, nobles and workers. There was additionally an accentuation on family and regard of guardians/seniors. The religion was love to divine beings and to their precursors. Prophet bones used to counsel their progenitors. The composing framework was not normal for anything rather than a letter speaking to a sound it spoke to a thought making simpler for individuals who communicated in different dialects to comprehend. Another thought of sovereignty that guaranteed rulers got their position from paradise. This was known as the Mandate from Heaven. Starting now and into the foreseeable future the Chinese would put stock in divine standard. These implied catastrophes could be accused on the rulers and they would much of the time be supplanted by the divine beings being unpleased. This prompted an example of rise and fall of lines in China known as the dynastic cycle. This is the four incredible waterway valley developments. These civic establishments made extraordinary commitments to people in the future. They all had propels in innovation and their own thoughts on how an administration framework ought to be run. Every general public had comparative attributes yet they were all altogether different.

Best Types of Stress Reduction Exercise

Best Types of Stress Reduction Exercise June 24, 2019 More in Stress Management Management Techniques Physical Techniques Relaxation Time Management Effects on Health Situational Stress Job Stress Household Stress Relationship Stress Its true that exercise is an excellent stress reduction tool, and this is true for several reasons: Exercise helps release built-up tension in the body.Exercise can give you a venue for releasing emotional tension as well.Exercise releases endorphins and other happy hormones in your body, promoting a feeling of wellbeing.Exercise helps promote overall health and wellbeing, which can also lessen your experience of stress.Some forms of exercise allow you to be social, which can also be great for stress reduction. Other forms of exercise can allow you to get into a meditative state. Exercise can also raise feelings of self-esteem and bring other benefits that improve life quality. With all these benefits, its clear that if youre able to exercise, you should exercise! The next step is finding the right form of exercise. The following are excellent for stress relief, for the reasons mentioned above, and each has its own special offerings as well. Yoga: Its great for physical health and flexibility, and it can also help you get into a meditative state.  Karate: It can help you develop self-discipline, become part of a community, release frustration and tension, and even feel safer, as youll be better able to defend yourself in the event of an attack.Swimming: Combining the soothing properties of water and the benefits of exercise, swimming is a great way to get in shape, cool off, and feel great.Walking: Just about anyone can do this one, and it can conform to your schedule: You can take a walk on your lunch break, put little kids in a stroller and walk, walk in the morning before your shower, etc. Walking and talking with a friend makes it not even feel like exercise (for me, at least), and walking by yourself can provide the venue for you to work out problems in your head or get into a meditative state. If youre not sure how to work regular exercise into your schedule, there are many things you can do about that. Also, if you have trouble maintaining new habits that are good for you, you can learn  how to choose a healthy habit and stick with it.

Metabical Case Study - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 650 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/09/22 Category Advertising Essay Type Argumentative essay Tags: Study Essay Did you like this example? Metabical (Case study) Case Facts †¢ Metabical is a prescription drug produced by Cambridge Sciences Pharmaceuticals (CSP) for weight loss. †¢ It was the first and only prescription drug to obtain FDA approval for weight loss (overweight category) drug. †¢ The company had conducted an elaborate market research program for identifying the target segment and positioning the product. †¢ Competitors: FDA approved OTC drug Alli. †¢ Marketing strategy: – DTC advertising- celebrity endorser, TV, radio, internet, print media Patient? knowledge and awareness about the drug top priority – Advertising with Medical community- print ad in leading medical publications Overview †¢ People with a body mass index (BMI) of 28 to 30 had an average weight loss of 26 pounds over a 12 weeks people with a BMI of 25-28 had an average weight loss of 15 pounds using metabical. †¢ CSP wanted to base their new product comparably to Alli, but felt Metabica l could be priced at a premium due to the need of a prescription to get the drug. Pricing was a main concern with this product and several scenarios were run to try and project and forecast where the pricing would make the best return on investment (ROI). †¢ Packaging The weight loss drug available in three four-week packages. †¢ The four week packaging was at the specific point where the consumer did not have to spend too much money to buy it, yet got invested in the product enough that they would come back to buy the second and third portions Marketing Research According to the US survey †¢ 34% overweight †¢ 25. 8% obese †¢ 4. 7% severely obese – Health care providers were positive about the prospects of weight loss drugs. – Responses of individuals: indicates 12% would immediately opt for such a solution. – Focus group: Need of Prescription-strength drug with FDA approval clinical results to backup weight loss results. Decision maki ng The process of decision making for the consumers would follow the hierarchy of effects and would include the following steps: 1. AWARENESS: the consumer should be aware about the drug 2. LIKING: as a result of visiting the doctor and obtaining a prescription 3. PREFERENCES: PODcost and benefit of the drug at a chemist and comparing with alternatives 4. CONVICTION: belief in the product 5. READINESS TO BUY 6. PURCHASE The people involved in this process would be: 1. The direct customers 2. Doctors 3. Chemists 4. Opinion leaders 5. Users involved in word of mouth publicity Differential advantages First prescription drug to be approved by the FDA specifically for weight loss of overweight individuals – credibility – First prescription drug for BMI of 25-30 – It worked on low dose formulation hence stress on liver and heart was lesser – Side effects were less severe and conditional – Behavioral modifications and healthier eating habits – R esults were seen on an average in 12 weeks – More comprehensive support plan – The above advantage could be used for positioning in the following ways: †¢ Premium pricing as it is the only FDA approved prescription drug for weight loss. †¢ Strikingly different from dietary supplements for weight loss Segmentation Targeting multi cluster segmentation Demographic – Income levels – High Income group, since they are ready to pay out of their pockets. – Gender- Females are more weight conscious. – Age: 35+ – Education: college plus Psychographic : Based on, Physical activity, Food preferences, Nutrition, Self image, Overall health â€Å"I want to be healthier† â€Å" I want to fit into my skinny Jeans† †¢ Geographic : US is the largest geographic segment where 65% of the entire adult population is over-weight, obese or severely obese . Targeting customers with a BMI of 25-30 Positioning Strategy Positioni ng as a „Life saving drug? Those 20 extra pounds can kill you. Being overweight leads to heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes â€Å"It? s time to get Healthy- Metabical can help. † †¢ Positioning as a „Motivational Therapeutic drug? â€Å"Discover a happier and a more attractive you† – Increases confidence – Boosts self-esteem Marketing Communication Strategy †¢ Electronic media – TV – Radio – Social media †¢ Print media – NEWS – Magazines †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Viral media DTC and prescriber advertising „Free lunch? pre launch program Metabical Challenge – Biggest looser contest Medical education events Thank you Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Metabical Case Study" essay for you Create order

Incarceration Of The United States Criminal Justice System

Incarceration Rates in the US are The United States criminal justice system has failed to rehabilitate criminals. Even after being punished for their crimes, convicts continue their wrongdoings without having gained valuable lessons from being incarcerated and are sent back to prison. Jails are supposed to aid those imprisoned by helping them gain skills that will reduce future occurrences and enable them to act morally in society. Punishing criminals is not as productive as it is thought to be, shown by the increased incarceration rate from 250,000 in 1976 to almost 2 million by 2003 (Lynch 26, 49). Instead of learning how to work towards managing their problems, prisoners are expected to learn from their mistakes by being†¦show more content†¦Furthermore, Americans account for 25 percent of all prisoners, even though they make up only five percent of the worldwide population of prisoners and non-prisoners (Hawkins). Since many of them will return to jail, incarcerating lar ge amounts of convicts does not appear to be useful. These increased incarceration rates have increased prisoners’ costs. Mark Cohen, expert on government enforcement, states that in 1998, â€Å"the cost for one career criminal was $1,500,000†. Just a decade later, that cost has significantly increased from about 2,600,000 to $5,300,000 (Cohen and Piquero). Since the total charge is a conservative estimate, it could be more or less than the actual. The dramatic increase should be alarming to everyone in the United States, and should lead people to question their government representatives on whether or not it is an appropriate amount of money to spend on criminals. For example, concerned citizens could write letters to their representatives to suggest the following plan: create programs that allow inmates to unite and speak about their problems with each other, along with a psychologist. In a recent news article, a former prisoner named Alacia Alamo speaks about the Al ternatives to Violence Project (Benson). The workshop taught her how to communicate with others and enabled her to adapt a new attitudeShow MoreRelatedIncarceration Is A Method Used By The United States Criminal Justice System1364 Words   |  6 PagesIncarceration is a method used by the United States criminal justice system as a repercussion for certain unlawful actions. Criminal punishment varies upon circumstance of crime. The United States consists of approximately 125 federal prisons with approx. 200,000 inmates. According to statistics, women represent 6.7% of inmates in federal prison. When thinking of women in prison, one s first thought may be, â€Å"What about the children?† In the United States, the numbers of incarcerated women areRead MoreThe New Jim Crow : Mass Incarceration1199 Words   |  5 Pagesperceptions on the American criminal justice system? 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Expectancy Theory of Motivation Free Essays

The expectancy theory of motivation, which was first produced by Victor Vroom, has become a generally accepted theory for explaining how individuals make decisions concerning different behavioural alternatives. According to Vroom to motivate someone mere offer a person something to satisfy his important needs will not be adequate. In order for the person to be motivated, he must also be convincingly sure that he has the ability to obtain the reward. We will write a custom essay sample on Expectancy Theory of Motivation or any similar topic only for you Order Now An employee’s motivation increases when he values a particular outcome greatly and when he feels a reasonably good chance of achieving the desired goal. This definition states that: Any individual acts in a way to reach a maximal effect with a minimal effort. The first major expectancy theory was put forward by Victor Harold Vroom. The expectancy theory works on the basis that to achieve high motivation, hard productive work must gain a valued goal or reward for example in a workplace if you want more money, and more money will come if you work hard then we can predict that you will work hard. IF you still want more money, and all you think working hard will get you is smiles from the boss, an predict that you will chose not to work hard, unless you put a high value on smiles from the boss’(D. Buchanan A.Huczynski., 2004). Victor Harold Vroom formed the expectancy theory using three concepts: Expectancy, Instrumentality and valence. The equation that he made is: F (force motivation) =Ã ¥(V (Valence) x I (instrumentality) x E (expectancy)) The expectancy is the belief that one’s effort (E) will result in attainment of the desired performance goals. This belief, or perception, is generally based on an individual’s past experience, self confidence and the perceived difficulty of the performance standard or goal. Studies has suggested that the expectancy theory must be extended in order to consider the effects of the time between when the individual intended to act and when the actual behaviour took place; the connotation of previous behaviour on subsequent behaviour; and the sequence of behaviour(Saltzer, 1981). Hirokawa and Scheerhorn (1986) developed a model of group decision-making that supports general expectancy theory concepts. This model shows how groups come to decisions, which factors outcome in decisions, and how individual group members affect quality of the decisions. Also, studies shows that treating people as a group may have many benefits, but it also has many objectionable consequences (Hansen 1997). One of the major consequences is that individuals are proven to show less effort when performing collectively than when performing individually. Â  In ASKExpert case, Liz is an experienced system analyst and frequently absent from project meetings, by using Expectancy theory that supports decision-making in groups, it would help Liz to be more comfortable in project meetings. She can gather information from other employees’ of the company in addition to her own knowledge. The Expectancy Theory is a predictor of work motivation, effort expenditure and Job Performance. In the case of ASKExpert, a experienced program tester made a sudden resignation, leaving the company to seek another employee who doesn’t know the company procedures, therefore leaving the company in vulnerable position. Based on expectancy models of employee motivation found in the human resources management literature, it emphasizes the importance of providing employees with an understanding of what is expected of them if they are to contribute to service production and delivery, the capacity to meet those expectations and an incentive to do so. Expectancy theory can be used in this case to motivate employees who lack motivation due to whatever the reason, therefore leading to decreasing number of un-satisfied employees who looking for resignation. High motivation therefore results from high levels of expectancy, instrumentality, and valence. If any one factor is low, motivation will be low. Managers should strive to ensure that employees’ expectancy are high so that they will be highly motivated. How to cite Expectancy Theory of Motivation, Essay examples Expectancy Theory of Motivation Free Essays Running head: EXPECTANCY THEORY OF MOTIVATION Expectancy Theory of Motivation Expectancy Theory of Motivation Companies need to understand the practice of motivation for them to achieve full output from its employees which will lead to full output from the company. The expectancy theory of motivation proposed by Victor Vroom will help companies to understand how to achieve this motivation level. The theory of motivation states that employee’s motivation is the outcome of how much of individual wants a reward. We will write a custom essay sample on Expectancy Theory of Motivation or any similar topic only for you Order Now The theory revolves around three distinct perceptions. The first component of the theory is the Effort-performance relationship. The provability perceived by the individual that exerting a given amount of effort will lead to performance (Robbins Judge, 2007, p. 208). The second component of this theory is Performance-reward relationship. The degree to which the individual believes that performing at a particular level will lead to the attainment of a desire outcome (Robbins Judge, 2007, p. 208). The third component of this theory is Rewards-personal goals relationship. The degree to which organizational rewards satisfy an individual’s personal goals or needs and the attractiveness of those potential rewards for the individual (Robbins Judge, 2007, p. 208). The Expectancy Theory of Motivation had to very important beliefs that help complete the above model. The first belief is that Effort-to-performance expectancy is the individual’s awareness that effort will lead to above performance. The person will determine if the performance expected of them can be reached by an amount of effort within their ability. If this person feels they can’t achieve this performance level within their abilities then the outcome to meet the goals will be low. This will cause the person motivation effort to be low. If the person feels that the performance level that is required of them is in reach of their abilities then they are likely put the extra effort in and be motivated. The second belief links performance to outcome through instrumentality. This is where a person is motivated when that person feels the performance is explicit and equal instrument to fulfill their personal outcome. Therefore a erson will be motivated if the person believes that meeting the performance of organization will bring their desired outcome. The other problem arises if the person does not feel their desired outcome will not be achieved then they may not put in any or very little effort to meet the performance of the organization and will they will not be motivated in the first place. The company management must set goa ls that can be attainable for the person to be motivated and succeed and benefit the person outcome. This can be achieved through a promotion, bonuses, and praise. The company from the given scenario has set the goal to produce goods of extra quality and the company is expecting employees’ level to be very high. Few of the employees have been able to handle these new processes. Then we have learned that the expectancy relationship has been fulfilled and is working. The problem with the given scenario must line somewhere within the instrumentality relationship. The given scenario shows there is no salary difference between the workers who are good performers and the workers who are the bad performers. One other point is that the bad performers bring penalties in their salary. The level of bonus that is offered for meeting the goal of the company is not high enough with the required effort according to the employees. Last thing about the scenario the amount of pay given for overtime is higher than the bonus given for performance and still overtime is created by because of the slow performance. The employees understand it is better to work slow and see better instrumentality then through fast work. Looking at the given scenario there has to be some items have to be addressed. One item that needs to be addressed is the slow work with some of the employees must have strict salary penalties. The next item to be addressed is that with better performance the bonus levels need to be compensated higher. This will make the employees that are capable running processes put in place by the company put in more effort to reach the performance desired as they will desire the new bonus. The employees that are not capable will put more of an effort and be motivated to reach the same desired higher bonus and not see a penalty in salary. The last item to be addressed is management should reorganize the operations so that the bonus pay is higher than the overtime work performed this way employees will not see the benefit of working the overtime as the performance bonus will be more desirable. We have shown the key features of the expectancy theory that was proposed by Victor Vroom which illustrated a scenario which we implemented corrective intervention to boost the efforts of employees. Reference Robbins, S. P. , ; Judge, T. A. (2007). Motivation Concepts. In (Ed. ), Organizational Behavior (pp. 208-214). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. 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Programming Languages Essays - Object-oriented Programming Languages

Programming Languages A programming language is a set of English-like instructions that includes a set of rules for putting the instructions together to create commands. A translator changes the English-like commands into numeric code that the computer can understand. The most common type of translator is a compiler. The compiler is program that reads English-like commands in a file and than creates another file containing computer readable numeric code or commands. I will be talking about some of the major functions and uses six high-level programming languages. Java was developed by Sun MicroSystems and released in 1995. Java is based on C and C++ and incorporates many features object-oriented languages. It is a compiled language, but it's code output is interpreted. This makes Java ideal for cross-development. The downside to its interpreted code is speed. Java's object-oriented is fundamental, and all code and data in a Java program exist within the object-oriented class. Java's exception handiling with try, catch, and throw statements provide the solution for writing reliable code that responds to all possible error conditions. Another advantage of Java is a String class that does away with null-terminated, length byte and other types of strings. It is also multithreaded which a class can easily provide code that runs concurrently with other programing. Another advantage is the lack of a pointer-type data and memory management which tends to be a very bug-prone area. Memory is organized by Java's virtual machine garbage collector. Java p rovides a rich class library in beavery bug-prone area. Memory is organized by Java's virtual machine garbage collector. Java provides a rich class library in the forms of packages imported into modules. Since Java is interpreted locally on the user's system, a security manager can completely control disk access, window creation, and memory management. C was developed by Dennis Ritchie at Bell Labortories in 1972. C was originally designed as symbolic code that formalized programming prasctices used at the time. In 1978 C blossomed into what was to become the most popular programming language ever. C offers programmers three advantages: The first is general pourpose programming which allows you to write games, business software, utilities, mathematical models, wordprocessors, spredsheets, and other kinds of software. The second is structured programming which means it uses structured statements such as while and for loops in place of goto statements that are easily misused. Third is that its a standardized programming language, which is ANSI C, the reconized standard for programming language. C++ was developed by Bjnarnte Strounstrip in the early 80's at Bell Labortories. It is an object-oriented programming language which contains three elements: First is encapsulation which extends the capacity of modularity. Second is polymorphism which is the use of a name or symbol. Third is inheritance which allows the designer to take existing objects and create new ones that inherit the properties of an earlier object. Objects are created in C++ through the mechanism of the class which is a data type similar to the C structure. However it differs from the C structure in many important ways. The most important is that it not only contains varible numbers, but also function numbers which are the methods that act on the varible numbers. C++ class also contains two basic sections, a private section and a public section. A private sectons is parts of a class that are available to member functions but that cannot be accessed from outside the function. A public section defines the interf ace between the class object and the rest of the program. The class data type is the focus of C++, everyting in the language revolves around this user-defined data type. C++ is a evolutionary step up from C, much of it's syntax is identical to that of C. Some of the basic features and syntax that are shared by both are The Main( ) function, the use of function arguments,arithmetic and logical operators, control and looping statement, Bit wise communication, and basic data types. Visual basic evolved from BASIC. It was created by Microsoft Corporation in 1991. Visual basic is an example of a graphical-based language which allows the user to directly work with graphics. It is created in an Integrated Development Enviorment (IDE). IDE allows the programmer to run,