Questions On Database Management System - 921 Words

1. Interpreting language: Since the file-processing system can be built on any of the programming languages, this will be a tedious task for other language developers to understand the actual logic behind the data storage and build a new requirement. But Database Management System (DBMS) uses a Structured Query Language (SQL) which will be used universally to insert, update or delete the data by all the developers and this will act as a common language for all the developers/ end users to work with the data. 2. Data redundancy and inconsistency. In file processing system, many files are generated or created using different programming languages by different developers in one particular project. For example, let us consider the example of a Software project which consists of various teams/ developer teams. a. Duplicate data: In our software project example, if we have a particular person working on two technologies namely .NET developer and as an Automation test developer, then the same person information (namely employee id, email id, phone number) will be stored in both the files(namely .NET team file and the Automation test developer file) In DBMS, by using the normalization concepts on tables, we design the database in such a way that the data is not duplicated. b. Data Redundancy leads to higher storage and access cost. As the same employee’s data is stored in two different files, this leads to unnecessary usage of disk space for the same employee data which willShow MoreRelatedQuestions On Database Management System1123 Words   |  5 PagesIT2700: Systems Analysis Design Assignment #6 – Review Questions Chapter #6 – Data Design 1. Explain the main difference between a file-oriented system and a database system. A file-oriented system utilizes data in a regular OS file based format where a database system uses a database engine that organizes data in a database in a table format utilizing rows for each record. 2. What is a DBMS? Briefly describe the components of a DBMS. DBMS stands for Database Management System. A DBMSRead MoreQuestions On Database Management System Essay1834 Words   |  8 Pages______________________________________ Please do not add any more lines to each question than is provided. There is ample room to supply the correct answers. 1.1 List four examples of database systems other than those listed in Section 1.1. †¢ Hospital Management system - patient details database †¢ Car sales and service system -Customer and inventory database †¢ Mobile shop system -Customer and inventory database †¢ Department of Homeland security -Student’s database 1.2 Define each of the following terms: Data DetailsRead MoreIT 205 Week 3 Individual Assignment899 Words   |  4 Pages Enterprise Applications Paper Question 1: Describe two effects of database tools and   technologies on business performance and decision making. Database tools and technologies affected the business processes and decision making by a great extent. The most important benefit of the database is to change unstructured information into structured information, and allow users to analysis the data stored into different tables with the help of queries. Before database, all the information used to storedRead MoreDatabase Management and Information Retrieval1367 Words   |  5 PagesDifferentiate between database management system and information retrieval system by focusing on their functionalities. Answer A database management system (DBMS) is the main software tools of the database management approach because it controls the creation, maintenance and use of the databases of an organization and its end users. Information retrieval is a system that to provide the relevant information based on the user needed. This process can be find through the passwords or keywords or queryRead MoreDatabase Management System ( Dbms )1391 Words   |  6 Pages A database management system or DBMS is a certain type of system software, which is used for the creation, and management of databases. A DBMS serves for multiple purposes but is mainly used to provide users and programmers with a systematic way to retrieve, create, manage, and update data. A DBMS serves as an interface between data and its end user, making sure that data is consistently organized and remains easily accessible to users. DBMS’s are vital to several aspects of our technological worldRead MoreManagement Informational System 1165 Words   |  5 PagesAnswer Review questions 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10, 13, 16, 18, amp; 22 in your own words. First, write the questions, and then answer with proper explanation. 1. Define the term database. How is it different from a database management system? Database is simply a collection of data. A database helps and provides managers and decision making people with timely and relevant information that leads the company to organizational success. A database management system is totally different than regularRead MoreDatabase Mangement and Retrieval System1425 Words   |  6 PagesQuestion 1. Differentiate between database management system and information retrieval system by focusing on their functionalities. Database Management System (as known as DBMS) is a set of application that enable user to create, edit, update, store and retrieve data from database files. By using DBMS, data in a database can be added, deleted, changed, sorted and searched. DBMSs are usually used to manage employee information of a big company, customer information and stock information. By usingRead MoreNt2520 Unit 3 Assignment 1 Essay618 Words   |  3 PagesOutcomes Use the database modeling template in MS Visio. Create entities and add attributes of a database. Define relationship between entities of a database. Create many-to-many relationships with a linking table. Assignment Requirements Answer the following True or False questions on the student answer sheet. Required Resources Textbook Submission Requirements Submit your written answers to your instructor at the beginning of Unit 4. Unit 3 True/False Questions Indicate whetherRead MoreAnalysis of Database Management and Information Retrieval Systems1117 Words   |  5 PagesDIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEM BY FOCUSING ON THEIR FUNCTIONALITIES 2. HIGHLIGHT THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN DATA AND INFORMATION 3. MAKE APPROPRIATE USE OF DIAGRAMS TO ILLUSTRATE THE UNDERLYING CONCEPTS/COMPONENTS OF DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND INFORMATION RETRIEVAL 4. DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN STRUCTURED AND NON STRUCTURED DATA. GIVE EXAMPLES FOR EACH. 5. REFERENCES 6. APPENDICES â€Æ' 1. DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND INFORMATION RETRIEVALRead MoreRelational Database Concepts and Applications: Research Paper669 Words   |  3 PagesRelational Database Concepts and Applications Professor Kevin W†¦.. By Bob Bobson March 7, 2014 Introduction In order to successfully transition from our current paper and email based equipment request method to a completely paperless online system, we must build and implement a relational database. A relational database will allow us to store, filter, make changes to, and share of the data that is needed in our new online equipment ordering system. Relational Database Overview

A Beautiful Mind By John Nash - 997 Words

A Beautiful Mind Depicts the story of mathematical genius John Nash, and his battle with schizophrenia. When the audience is first introduced to Nash he is working to make a great discovery while attending graduate school. From the beginning, it is clear that Nash puts excessive pressure on himself to achieve this goal. Of course, his hard work eventually lead him to attain his objectives, but the stressful environment it created likely also triggered his schizophrenic tendencies. Although at the time of their meeting the audience is unaware, John’s Princeton roommate Charles turns out to be his initial hallucination. Later, when Nash is teaching at MIT a second hallucination appears in the form of a department of defense agent named William Parcher. Parcher seeks Nash out based on his skill in code braking, for a special assignment regarding their soviet enemies. The hallucinations reach a climax when Nash believes he and Parcher are being chased by Russians who uncovered their mission. Following this, when Nash is making an educational presentation, he appears to be paranoid about an angry group watching him. Abruptly, he ends his lecture to make an escape. Nash exhibits schizophrenic tendencies these two scenes, and periodically throughout the movie. Shutter Island, displays a similar illness known as delusional disorder. Teddy Daniels, the main character demonstrates a number of notable symptoms throughout the film. Upon Teddy’s introduction, we learn he is aShow MoreRelatedA Beautiful Mind By John Nash1338 Words   |  6 PagesA Beautiful Mind, a 2001 biographical drama, tells the story of John Nash; the film is based on a book by the same name, which was a biography of the real John Nash . The film depicts Nash’s life as he develops paranoid schizophrenia; this paper will focus on the film, the disorder itself, and the accuracies and inaccuracies of how paranoid schizophrenia was portrayed in the film. The film begins with Nash’s time at Princeton in 1947, where he has come after winning the Carnegie Scholarship forRead MoreA Beautiful Mind : John Nash Essay1543 Words   |  7 PagesMeredith Varner Dr. Johnston, Professor Echols 20, September 2016 A Beautiful Mind: John Nash About four years post marriage, on June 13th, 1928; John Forbes Nash Jr. was born. Growing up, Nash caused concern for both of his parents. He struggled in social interactions and rarely engaged in games that were normally exciting to children his age. In Sylvia Nasar’s biography on Nash, she found that within the â€Å"origins of schizoid temperament was that abuse, neglect, or abandonment caused the child toRead MoreA Beautiful Mind By John Nash1393 Words   |  6 PagesA Beautiful Mind, is a movie that was produced in the year 2002 by Universal Pictures. This film is about a man named John Nash who was diagnosed with schizophrenia, paranoid type. Schizophrenia is a chronic brain disorder with key features including delusions, hallucinations, difficulty concentrating, and other negative symptoms (Parekh, 2017). Paranoid schizophrenia specifically, is â€Å"characterized mainly by the presence of delusions of persecution or grandeur† (Sadock and Sadock, 2005). The ty picalRead MoreA Beautiful Mind By John Nash1381 Words   |  6 PagesA Beautiful Mind tells the story of Nobel Prize winner John Nash s struggle with schizophrenia. It follows his journey from where Nash is quite unaware of his delusional schizophrenia, full blown paranoia, to the place where Nash, his wife, and friends are contributing factors to his manageable condition seen in closing. The film offers much, and relevant insight into the psychological condition of schizophrenia, including information on the symptoms, the treatment and cures, the life for theRead MoreA Beautiful Mind By John Nash Essay1601 Words   |  7 Pages In the film, â€Å"A Beautiful Mind†, the main character is John Nash. Nash represents the life of a person struggling with schizophrenia. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), in order for an individual to meet the criteria for schizophrenia, one must include two or more of the following symp toms for at least 1 month and at least one symptom must be one of the first three: Delusions, Hallucinations, Disorganized Speech, Disorganized (or CatatonicRead MoreA Beautiful Mind By John Nash1732 Words   |  7 PagesThe biographical drama, A Beautiful Mind, illustrates many of the topics related to psychological disorders. The main character of the film, John Nash, is a brilliant mathematician and Nobel Prize winner, who suffers from symptoms of Schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is defined as a â€Å"psychotic disorder involving a break with reality and disturbances in thinking, emotions, behavior, and perceptions† (Ciccarelli and White, 2012, p. 563). Nash’s symptoms include: paranoid delusions, disturbed perceptionsRead MoreA Beautiful Mind By John Nash1498 Words   |  6 PagesA Beautiful Mind (2002) is a movie based on the life of famed mathematician John Nash. The movie revolves around first, Johns struggles as a student in Princeton University, trying to formul ate his own original idea on which to base his future work, and to be his first piece of work to get published. It is during this struggle that his mental stability begins to become a bit questionable. Once he finishes his paper, he is awarded a position to work at MIT . After working at MIT for a few yearsRead MoreA Beautiful Mind By John Nash Essay1958 Words   |  8 Pages â€Å"A Beautiful Mind† illustrates the life of John Nash who is currently living with schizophrenia. Being of intelligence does not stop the chances that one might develop the mental illness, such as schizophrenia, as the case of the character of John Nash, the Princeton graduate student, the lover of the subject mathematics and Nobel Prize winner portrayed in the movie. In movie John Nash clearly has schizophrenia and suffers from severe mental illness,hence the title â€Å"A Beautiful Mind† as he experiencesRead MoreA Beautiful Mind By John Nash Essay2033 Words   |  9 PagesPushing Past the Voices, Delusions, and Hallucinations: A Beautiful Mind A Beautiful Mind, about John Nash, follows him has he goes through life living with schizophrenia and accomplishing the biggest feat; knowing reality from unreality. When people with schizophrenia are around others, that is when their mental illness shows. Social behavior affects everyone based on who they are around and the thoughts and feelings as a response to how others act and treat you (Grant, 1963). They do not knowRead More John Nash, A Beautiful Mind Essay1628 Words   |  7 Pagesschizophrenia was 10 times higher than in the control group (Cicarelli, p. 559). JOHN FORBES NASH, JR. AND SCHIZOPHRENIA A powerful exploration of how genius and madness can become intertwined, the feature film, A Beautiful Mind, was inspired by the life of Nobel Prize winning mathematician and schizophrenic John Nash (PBS Online, 1999-2002). Nash, known as a mathematical genius and one of the most original minds of the 20th century, made his breakthrough as a twenty-year-old graduate student at

Geography MYP portfolio Free Essays

Basically, gender inequality is an unequal treatment in terms of gender, male and female. Gender inequality is mainly – discrimination of women. So women have fewer job opportunities and they do work which is believed not to be a work for men. We will write a custom essay sample on Geography MYP portfolio or any similar topic only for you Order Now Long time ago women used to do the housework and look after children, and men used to work and earn money. Nowadays we can see that women are treated unequally to men in some LED countries: African countries, Pakistan, Yemen, Saudi Arabia and some other Muslim countries. But gender inequality still exists in some extent in every country in he world in main areas of the society: political, economical and sometimes in social. Main body (Discussion) Gender inequality in social area of society Mainly the service area (education, culture, healthcare, social welfare, public transport and etc. ) is included into social area. So, basically, here we can see the most unequal treatment of men and women. In all those African and Muslim countries women are treated unequally in this social area. In other countries (MED countries: US, Russia, Japan etc. , if there is an unequal treatment, then it mostly happens in economical and political areas. As an example of a country with unequal treatment, I will choose Pakistan. In Pakistan you can see gender inequality, for example in terms of education. In education, gender inequality means that women are not able to study and after have an education. Women just stay at home and do all the housework like washing, cooking; they also look after children, because kids are needed to help their mothers, so usually families are really big. Historically, in 1 9th century feminist-sympathetic movement communities tried to isolate women from any contact with men. On 14th of August, 1947 Pakistan was officially independent, but more than a half of Pakistani women are not independent even now. Pakistan believes that women were created only to take care of their husbands. Women’s only job is to make sure that her husband is satisfied and happy with his life. So women in Pakistan have to learn how to be a good daughter, sister and mother. Nowadays, Women are kept treating this way. They are also forbidden to go to schools. A lot of people (men) are against education for women, in Pakistan. There were so many crimes, when omen tried to kill a woman or a girl. Sometimes that happened, when a woman tried to study secretly. Gender inequality in economical area of society Economical area is a sphere of trading, exchange, producing, consuming and distribution of goods and services. Methods of producing and wealth distribution are the main factors that determine specificity of economic relations. Gender inequality in this area is not aggressive as it is in social area. We can see these inequalities in a few ways. Lets say there is a company, which is a part of secondary sector, so the employees are people who work tit machines and machinery. It means that men are more likely to work in those companies, as it would be a really hard work for women. So from this example, we can say that women are allowed to work there, but they don’t, because its difficult for them and also they don’t want to. In other companies, in primary sector, some employers prefer to hire men, because if you will have woman working on your company, then you can decrease company’s productivity. Women might get pregnant, so she gets some rest (from 3 to 16 months, depends on a country), and after she’ll have to look after her hillier. And men will always be there on his workplace. Gender inequality in political area of society political area is a sphere Of people’s relations, which are mainly related to each other in terms of politics and government. Before one of the most worrisome issues was an unequal treatment of women in government and administrative office. Involving women in politics so much distinguished countries like Lithuania. As this country was technologically developing the people’s lifestyle was changing a lot. In this process women started gaining ore stuff to do including the right to vote in presidential elections. Conclusion In social area, there are still a lot of gender inequalities, especially in poor LED countries. In Pakistan some men are even able to kill women, who are trying to get education, get a job and etc. I think that it’s not right, and men and women should be equal. Equality leads to country’s development and industrialization or at least helps it. In the economical area the only border for women are the requirements. Women are allowed to work, but their wage might be smaller, and the rotgut’s quality might be lower, because, for example, men are better in working on the factories with all those machines. But it’s not necessarily like that, and of course women can sometimes work even better than men, especially in the primary sector. In political area women doesn’t really have problems, maybe only in LED countries where they are treated unequally to men. You can see some women politician that work in the government, even though it’s rare. In my opinion, women should be equal to men, have the same opportunities, abilities and etc. How to cite Geography MYP portfolio, Papers

Cloud Computing in IOT-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Cloud Computing in IOT. Answer: On the Integration of Cloud Computing and Internet of Things This paper states that cloud offers a solution that is effective so that the management of service and composition of Internet of Things can be implemented (Botta et al. 2014). The applications of IoT also help to exploit all the things and simultaneously the data that are produced by the systems. The cloud is related to IoT by extending the scope so that they can deal with all the things of real world in dynamic and distributed manner. The cloud also benefits the IoT by delivering some new services in real life scenarios. The cloud acts as a middle layer in between things and applications which can help to hide all the complexities and functionalities that are needed to implement. The article states the framework which will impact the application development in the future which gathers information, processes the data, and also used for transmitting information that produces new challenges in environment of multi cloud. IoT-based Big Data Storage Systems in Cloud Computing: Perspectives and Challenges This research paper states a common application framework of IoT that consists mainly of perception layer, application layer, and network layer. The paper states that application layer is the most critical layer for the storage system of IoT in Cloud Computing (Tao et al. 2014). This is considered as business models and middlewares in this article. There is much work done so that there can be intelligent and effective data processing and the analysis is done that is based on cloud computing mainly in application layer. The front end layer includes RFID (Radio Frequency Identification), WSN (Wireless Sensor Network), and also smart things. The total numbers of devices are mostly increasing and the heterogeneous services and data are involved in cloud of things. Cloud of Things pays more attention to the business insight. IoT-Based Intelligent Perception and Access of Manufacturing Resource toward Cloud Manufacturing This article shows the application and support of the technology in IoT. The IoT is considered as real time operators and potential intelligent operators mainly in 4Cs known as Connection, Computing, Control, and Communication (Cai et al. 2017). By the use of 4Cs all the objects that are virtual and physical are realized which has a wide range of filed application. The cloud IoT can be used in automotive, medical, healthcare, aerospace, and communication and also in manufacturing industries. The RFID technology is developing fast and the services of IoT Cloud are paid more attention in these recent days. The Cloud IoT provides opportunity so that they can build an industry which is more powerful and also includes applications by taking advantage of the growing RFID, and wireless sensor devices. References Botta, A., De Donato, W., Persico, V. and Pescap, A., 2014, August. On the integration of cloud computing and internet of things. InFuture Internet of Things and Cloud (FiCloud), 2014 International Conference on(pp. 23-30). IEEE. Cai, H., Xu, B., Jiang, L. and Vasilakos, A.V., 2017. IoT-based big data storage systems in cloud computing: Perspectives and challenges.IEEE Internet of Things Journal,4(1), pp.75-87. Tao, F., Zuo, Y., Da Xu, L. and Zhang, L., 2014. IoT-based intelligent perception and access of manufacturing resource toward cloud manufacturing.IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics,10(2), pp.1547-1557.

Reseach Paper on Hurricane Ike Essay Example

Reseach Paper on Hurricane Ike Essay Hurricane Ike hit the Texas Gulf coast on September 13, 2008 near Galveston, Texas. When Hurricane Ike hit it registered as a category 2 hurricane; however, before it hit land the storm went as high as a category 5 hurricane. Even though this hurricane was only a category 2 it still caused major damage. Hurricane Ike came ashore in Texas at 2:10 a. m. CDT, Sept. 13, and brought a wall of water over 13 feet high, sweeping through Galveston Island, and on the mainland. Ike made landfall with sustained winds near 110 mph, just 1 mph short of a Category 3 hurricane The effects of Hurricane Ike began to make their mark on Southeast Texas several days before the Hurricane made landfall. Actually before the National Weather Service had even issued Hurricane warnings for the communities of Southeast Texas the effects of the incoming storm were being felt. The incoming storm began to cause flooding from the storm surge. Two days before the hurricane made landfall, the waves were already topping the seawall in Galveston, Texas. We had so much surge that it caused the Bayous to fill and caused major flooding in small communities, for example my community of Labelle, Texas. There were also entire communities that were wiped out, with almost every house in the area totally demolished. In the community known as Crystal Beach on the Bolivar Peninsula, is where there were many lives lost as well as total devastation. This is where many families, including my own, had beach cabins that were totally destroyed by the storm and storm surge. We will write a custom essay sample on Reseach Paper on Hurricane Ike specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Reseach Paper on Hurricane Ike specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Reseach Paper on Hurricane Ike specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The surge in this area actually started 2 days before the storm hit. In the area of Bolivar Peninsula there were around 150 people that had stayed behind and did not listen to the warnings of the upcoming storm. Sadly most of the 150 people that stayed behind became victims of the storm. Many people lost their lives trying to escape as the water began to rise. There were many cars found near a town called High Island the people were trying to make it to. In the cars they found people who had died while trying to make it to safety. Still to this day there are people who have not been accounted for, almost 3 years later. Ike was blamed for around 195 deaths. Of these, 74 were in Haiti. In the United States, 112 people were killed, and 23 are still missing. Due to its immense size, Ike caused devastation from the Louisiana coastline all the way to the Kenedy County, Texas Kenedy County is a county located in the U. S. state of Texas. It is part of the Kingsville Micropolitan Statistical Area. In 2000, its population was 414. Its seat is Sarita, and the county is named for Mifflin Kenedy, an early rancher in the area region near Corpus Christi, Texas. Corpus Christi, TexasCorpus Christi is a coastal city in the South Texas region of the U. S. state of Texas. The county seat of Nueces County, it also extends into Aransas, Kleberg, and San Patricio counties. The MSA population in 2008 was 416,376 In addition, Ike caused flooding and significant damage along the Mississippi Mississippi is a U. S. state located in the Southern United States. Jackson is the state capital and largest city. The name of the state derives from the Mississippi River, which flows along its western boundary, which namesake is from the Ojibwe word misi-ziibi coastline and the Florida Panhandle. The Florida Panhandle, an informal, unofficial term for the northwestern part of Florida, is a strip of land roughly 200 miles long and 50 to 100 miles wide , lying between Alabama on the north and the west, Georgia also on the north, and the Gulf of Mexico to the south Damages from Ike in U. S. oastal and inland areas are estimated at $29. 6 billion (2008 USD), with additional damage of $7. 3 billion in Cuba (the costliest storm ever in that country), $200 million in the Bahamas, and $500 million in the Turks and Caicos, amounting to a total of at least $37. 6 billion in damage. Ike was the third costliest Atlantic hurricane of all time, behind Hurricane Andrew Hurricane Andrew was the third most powerful hurricane to make landfall in the United States du ring the 20th century, after the Labor Day Hurricane of 1935 and Hurricane Camille in 1969. f 1992 and Hurricane KatrinaHurricane Katrina of the 2005 Atlantic hurricane season was the costliest natural disaster, as well as one of the five deadliest hurricanes, in the history of the United States. Among recorded Atlantic hurricanes, it was the sixth strongest overall. of 2005. The hurricane also resulted in the largest evacuation of Texans in that states history. It became the largest search-and-rescue operation in U. S. history. Due to the intensity of the storm, Texas closed many of its chemical plants and oil refineries. Because much of the United States oil refining capacity is located in Texas, the closings caused a temporary increase in the prices of gasoline, home heating oil, and natural gas. Increases were particularly high in North Carolina Nort especially in the mountains, where average North Carolina is a state located on the Atlantic Seaboard in the Southern United States. The state borders South Carolina and Georgia to the south, Tennessee to the west and Virginia to the north. North Carolina contains 100 counties. Its capital is Raleigh, and its largest city is Charlotte prices were as much as 60 cents higher than the national average. The closing of refineries so soon after Hurricane Gustav, and the time required to restart production, also resulted in shortages of gasoline in such places as the Carolinas and Tennessee, partly as a result of panic buying. Preliminary post-storm damage estimates in the US were placed at 18 billion US dollars Panic buyin Panic buying is an imprecise common use term to describe the act of people buying unusually large amounts of a product in anticipation of or after a disaster or perceived disaster, or in anticipation of a large price increase or shortage, as can occur before a blizzard or hurricane or government 2008) as stated by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Sadly there were many that did not listen to the warning of the upcoming storm due to a false evacuation just a few weeks before that of Hurricane Ike from another storm that missed the area. Many people did not believe that the storm was going to turn and that they would be safe. People, I believe, have learned fro m Hurricane Ike and realized that you need to take every evacuation serious and protect yourself and your family. Resources: http://coastal. er. usgs. gov/hurricanes/ike/post-storm-photos/index. php retrieved on June 15, 2011 http://www. absoluteastronomy. com/topics/Hurricane_Ike retrieved on June 15, 2011 http://www. nasa. gov/mission_pages/hurricanes/archives/2008/h2008_ike. html retrieved on June 15, 2011 The Australian Broadcasting Corporation, commonly referred to as the ABC , is Australias national public broadcaster

Essay on Film Critics, Gone with the wind (1939)

Essay on Film Critics, Gone with the wind (1939) Essay on Film Critics, Gone with the wind (1939) Essay on Film Critics, Gone with the wind (1939)Gone with the Wind is an example of great artwork in the history of the American cinema. David O. Selznick’s version is touching and deep, while Victor Fleming, a virtuous director, even despite the fact that he was replaced by Sam Wood because of the nervous exhaustion, creates his vision of Margaret Mitchell’s story brilliantly. Max Steiner is responsible for gorgeous music which helps to make the right accents and makes the scenes so emotional.Talented actress Vivien Leigh combines all necessary features for Scarlett’s character: tender beauty, real and sometimes childish emotions, intelligence and strong character. She creates such a bright image that Scarlett stays in our thoughts and hearts with her suffering about Ashley, ignorant and even selfish attitude to Rhett and struggle to survive   Ã‚  before and after the Civil War. Rhett Butler of Clark Gable is another bright character. He is torn between his pr agmatic common sense and Scarlett – the woman whom he really loves.The background of the story is the Civil War between the North and the South and Scarlett’s long and twisted way in this movie symbolizes the way of the whole civilization – the Old South. This is a long way of changes and transformations, sometimes dramatic and even dreadful, but very meaningful and necessary as we see at the end of the story. As well as Scarlett restores her broken life from ashes as Phoenix bird, the old southern civilization collapses and   then starts a new page in the united American history.Despite the fact that the end seems not so much optimistic, Scarlett OHara proclaims with hope and confidence: After all, tomorrow is another day.

Locus of Control Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Locus of Control - Essay Example Each subject's perseverance level was rated after the task using a score range from 1 to 5. On average, subjects had a higher perseverance level on the Non-Frustration task than on the Frustration task. In this study, GESS and the ICI cannot be used to predict the degree of perseverance exhibited during a Frustration task. The concept of Locus of Control, which was originally developed by Julian B. Rotter in the early 1950's and is considered to be one of the most significant aspects of an individual's personality. It seeks to analyze the perception of an individual regarding the causes behind the happening or non-happening of certain events in his or her life (Rotter, 1966). The concept of Locus of Control is helpful in discerning the level of control that a person feels they possess in life. The study of Locus of Control would offer valuable contributions and theories that would further help in understanding and analyzing academic persistence as well as motivation. According to Strain (1993), the concept of Locus of Control has not yet been applied to the study of college students and their ability to persist at school. Individuals with internal Locus of Control are believed to be mentally more aware, able better equipped for learning, and highly motivated as compared to those with external Locus of Control (Stone and Jackson, 1975). ... And that a higher level of pessimism will correlate with a greater external Locus of Control. An optimist will perceive that many aspects of life are controllable and will therefore make efforts and take risks which will promote this belief, thus turning their Locus of Control internal. Whereas pessimists perceive that they are helpless to affect the events happening around them, so they will avoid taking steps to change things and thereby change their Locus of Control to external. According to Aspinwall and Brunhart (1996), optimists are more likely to be aware of their health risks and more informed about id as opposed to pessimists. This fact is further supported by the studies of Peterson, Seligman, and Vaillant (1988), whereby it was observed that people with pessimistic behaviour were in worse physical health on older age than their more optimistic counterparts. They also suggest a manner in which this "learned helplessness" which is a major cause of depression could be transformed into optimistic behaviour through cognitive therapy (Seligman and Martin, 1991). According to Gibson (2004), a large difference exists in the behaviour of gamblers where it was observed that optimists have high expectations of winning and so are likely to lose more than pessimists who rarely expect to win and bet lesser amounts after each consecutive loss. The concepts of optimism as well as pessimism, when studied in the light of cultural perspectives - in terms of dealing wit h international patients versus Hindu patients, Desai (1982) observes that reactions of people towards a given situation differs largely owing to their cultural backgrounds. While Armor and Taylor (1998) advocate the theory of "situated optimism" where people behave in an optimistic

Ducati Customer Perception and Brand Loyalty Essay

Ducati Customer Perception and Brand Loyalty - Essay Example The research has been divided into different parts and each part is important to achieve the research aim and objectives in a significant and desired manner. There is no denying that loyalty is dependent on satisfaction and when customers are satisfied, there is every chance of them becoming loyals making it easy for organsiations to retain them for a long period of time. The research aims at identifying the loyalty and trust of Ducati customers in a critical and logical manner along with understanding what exactly influence and impact their loyalty in the short as well as in the long run. The research covers different aspects of customer loyalty and customer perception with prime focus on Ducati as a brand appealing a number of customers across the world. Pomerantz defined perception as a process of attaining awareness or understanding environments by interpreting information. This statement is based on normal human psychology that can be related to the customer perception. Customer perception is a process that is based on the information collected from wide arrays of sources and resources. It can be the case that customers using the existing product or service may create awareness along with changing the level of perception about that particular product or service. Organisations need to understand the perception of customers in order to market their products and services along with offering them something that will exceed the level of perceived perception (Alan, Gary, 2011) The research aims at identifying the perception of Ducati customers through questionnaires in order to understand their views and opinions highlighting their loyalty and trust factor for the motorcycle brand. The research has been divided into different parts and each part is important to achieve the research aim and objectives in a significant and desired manner. There is no denying that loyalty is dependent on satisfaction and when customers are satisfied, there is every chance of them b ecoming loyals making it easy for organsiations to retain them for a long period of time (Jones, et al, 2002). The research aims at identifying the loyalty and trust of Ducati customers in a critical and logical manner along with understanding what exactly influence and impact their loyalty in the short as well as in the long run. The research covers different aspects of customer loyalty and customer perception with prime focus on Ducati as a brand appealing a number of customers across the world. 1.1: Research Background Customer perception decides their buying behavior to an extent. Considering the fact that good and valid perception about a product often creates a positive image that allures customers to get associated with that product or service in the short as well as in the long run. Customer perception can be considered as the first stage of buying behavior where there is a difference between the reality and perception. Until and unless, customers use the product; ascertaini ng the reality can be a cumbersome task offering irrelevant attention and importance to perception (Reichheld, 1993). Customers’ perceptions can be influenced through reference groups and opinion leaders but should offer desired and more than perceived results in order to create long term value and mutual benefits in the competitive business environment. Perception leads to interest and zeal that forms the foundation of accepting products and services. On the other hand brand loyalty is consumers’

Thesis driven argument Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Thesis driven argument - Essay Example By mentioning the weight of the equipment, O’Brien shows how each character had a specific role and a specific burden to carry, whether it was being in charge of carrying a radio, being responsible for a man’s death, or being in love with a girl back home. Throughout the story O’Brien shows, from before leaving for Vietnam to unloading all of their equipment and coming home, the soldiers had a tremendously heavy physical and emotional burden to carry. The land itself and the foreign, unfamiliar terrain was a burden upon the soldiers as well. Because of being in the jungle, they â€Å"carried diseases, among them malaria and dysentery. They carried lice and ringworm and leeches and paddy algae and various rots and molds.† (14). This was not something that any of them were used to dealing with back at home. The difficulty of traveling through the terrain was a burden and difficulty as well: â€Å"They carried the land itself--Vietnam, the place, the soil--a powdery orange-red dust that covered their boots and fatigues and faces† (15). This was a burden that everybody had to deal with. The burden of being in a position of constant danger was another burden for all of the characters. They knew that at any moment they might be attacked, and they had to be prepared for the event. Each soldier had to carry various weapons: â€Å"In addition to the three standard weapons--the M-60, the M-16, and M-79...shotguns and silencers and blackjacks and bayonets and C-4 plastic explosives†¦they all carried fragmentation grenades† (7). Far from being a complete list of the weaponry that they carried, these weapons that they carried were constant reminders of the burden of being in such a dangerous situation to the point of needing all of those weapons. Even more than that, the burden they carried had as much to do with destructive power of the weapons that they were carrying: â€Å"They carried all they could bear, and then some,

Responsibilities of Human Resource Management in Microsoft Corporation

Responsibilities of Human Resource Management in Microsoft Corporation Microsoft Corporation is a company located in USA that manufactures, develops and supports a wide variety of products and services in the computing sector. The products and services of the company include computer software, consumer electronic, hardware, IT consulting, etc. The company established in 1975 by Bill Gates and Paul Allen, excelled in developing the operating systems for the computers. In 1984 they released the Microsoft windows version jointly with IBM. The company considers Human Resources as its asset and is keen on attracting and retaining talented manpower and managing them efficiently by making informed decisions. The company has around 93,000 employees and they manage the employees strategically. Maintaining a sound performance appraisal system in the company is the most difficult and most important part of Human Resource Management in the company (Coutts and Schneider, 2004). The performance of the employs in the organization is tracked and their work is observed by the supervisors and effective feedback is given at appropriate times. The performance appraisal process in the company is carried out after the superiors and subordinates come together to discuss the goals, objectives, expectations of the company, targets to be achieved, evaluation criteria and methods. The supervisor of the company is responsible towards identifying the skills, competencies and knowledge of the employees and if they are capable enough to carry out their duties and work effectively. The superiors also need to ensure that they properly communicate and give the right idea regarding the performance expectations and the rewards for the performance (Newstrom and Davis, 1993). Some methods that compani es usually follow for the purpose of performance evaluation are 360 degree feedback, critical incidence, rating scales etc. Microsoft is a company that gives importance to its Human resources, thus has developed a web-based tool à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"the performance toolà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ wherein the commitments, goals and employees and bosses are included and their roles defined. The employees in the company can log on using an ID and clearly understand the goals of the superior frame or change oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s own goal that way. This tool or model is flexible as the goals can be changed according to their requirement. Performance management system is managed with the help of this model in the company. Microsoft follows certain steps in its performance evaluation process: As a first step the employee and the manager carry out a face to face meeting twice a week. Then a meeting is done half yearly where the employees and the managers discuss and solve various issues concerned with behavior, performance and the expectations. Online tests are carried out to check the skill level of the employees and feedback is given according to the tests. Microsoft also provides an option for the employee to choose their superiors to be their mentors. Performance appraisal structure in Microsoft is unique with 2 reviews being held in a year i.e. career compass held in January and Final performance appraisal held in August. Career Compass is a review held in midyear wherein the employee development considered as an important thing. The mainly includes the development of their competencies, in which case the company involves two kinds of competencies: Microsoft core competencies- involve collaboration and cross border cooperation, innovation, confidence and proper decision making Functional competencies in Microsoft are the interpersonal skills, skills for project management, analytical skills, strategic decision making etc. Final performance appraisal involves the proper reviewing of the total performance management carried out in the company and is used to rate all the performances and commitments. The goals and targets that were set before as a benchmark will be reviewed and revised after the performance evaluation is done. The employee is also encouraged to do the self appraisals so that they themselves can understand the issues and lack of performance and reasons etc. in the final appraisal process the concerned managers of the department where the employee belongs and HR personnel of the company would sit together and discuss the details of the performance evaluation and appraisal process of the employees. They then rate the employees according to their level of performance achieved based on the standard set. The rating system in the company is based upon commitments and the target achieved. The performance rating in the company is form 5 which is for exceptional performance to 1 unsatisfactory performance. The company also follows a contribution ranking against the coworkers depending on the factors like the readiness to work and potential to learn. The performance appraisal and evaluation process in the company is highly essential in highlighting and communicating its goals and objectives to its employees and ensuring that they are properly achieved (Longenecker, 1997). Microsoft has been successful in maintaining the proper level of performance among the employees and achieves organizational goals. The employees in the company are aware of their roles and responsibilities thus working towards achieving the targets by framing their goals in the right direction (Grote, 1996). Microsoft is a company that provides certain important targets for each department by asking them to maintain a standard level performance rating for the employees, where in the standard of performance of the employees does not go below this level. The environmental factors have a key role to play in the methods used by the company with respect to the various HR practices. Thus the performance evaluation process in Microsoft Corporation is formulated taking into consideration the factors of external environmental factors. The various political, economic, social and technological factors play a key role in defining the human resource activities of the company. Political factors: The political environment in a country can be considered as an important factor that will affect the working of the company in a number of ways. One of the important political issues related to companies like Microsoft are the property protection measures and protection for investments. Many political parties helped the company gain tax benefits in a lot of ways. Economic Factors: it is difficult to list out the key economic factors that affect the company, since the Information Technology market is highly dynamic and standardization is not possible (Rubini, 2010). The recent economic downturn has also adversely affected the company like any other as the economy of most of the countries was badly hit and the market had slowed down. Social environmental factors: the social environment of the country in which they operate, act as important aspects in deciding the performance and operations of the company. A company that is socially responsible will be considered well by the customer. The employees will feel proud to work for such companies. Microsoft has been funding many CSR activities, but due to the economic recession the company has cut its budget in that area to invest in some its products. A company that is committed to the society will also possess employees who would work towards such a goal. Technological environment: the technological factors like the technological innovations and creativity has lead to an entirely new and different kind of expansion in the information technology industry. There are many companies operating in the market providing software, IT and hardware services with innovative technology in every service. The growth of technology has been tremendous as a result of which the company has to recruit and acquire more skills and trained employees who have the knowledge of changing technology in this field. In order to increase the operational efficiency the company is expected to increase the performance level of the employees (Kurtz, 2009). Proper performance management system in the company will cater to providing the solution to this issue. Microsoft has developed various methods to perfectly understand the make clear evaluations of the employee performance and train them according to the need of the hour. The study is thus concludes that the company Microsoft is highly specific on establishing a proper performance management system that meets their requirements and maintains their standard at all levels. The Human Resource Management and planning in the company is effective as they have a plan on how to make best use of their human resources asset. The various environmental factors and conditions play a key role deciding various aspects of HR practices in the company. The performance appraisal system is crucial in achieving the goals of the company.

Kelly and Sale: Persuasive Or Pointless? Essay -- Kelly Sale Argumenta

Kelly and Sale: Persuasive Or Pointless? Unarguably, since technology has been introduced, it has had profound effects, permeating not only onto society, but our entire ecological system. To categorize the effects of technology as predominantly beneficial or detrimental, as Kevin Kelly and Kirkpatrick Sale claim in their interview, is difficult. "Interview With The Luddite" captures and vividly illustrates their seemingly pointless and underdeveloped ideas. Kelly, protechnology, and Sale, a contemporary neo-Luddite, discuss many technological issues, including the automation of the labor force, oral tradition, literacy, and civilization. Later, they go on to present often radical and unrealistic solutions to the issues. While at times I can fathom certain aspects of the arguments, their solutions are predominantly too idealistic. In this paper, I plan to explore the physical setting of the interview, important nonphysical aspects including the intentions of the participants, and the ideas presented, while incorporating my o wn perceptions of their persuasiveness and effectiveness. The atmosphere of the June 1995 interview between Kelly and Sale is of essential importance to the initial impressions of the audience. Firstly, Kelly and Sale agreed to the interview which was published in Wired magazine. "This popular on-line magazine lacks any in-depth discussion of even the most problematic issues surrounding digital culture" (243). Obviously, the magazine offers a purely biased perspective and presents only the positive effects of technological innovations. Appearing in such a biased magazine may seem initially beneficial to the conversion intentions of Sale, the Luddite, but with deeper analysis it becomes clear that the c... ... convincing. Still, I cannot fathom the motivations behind the interview for either participant. Perhaps Kelly's goal was to persuade Sale, which he did, and perhaps Sale's goal was to attract publicity. Nevertheless, neither was very effective or intriguing in their arguments. I propose we invite technology and essentially the future. But we should never overstep our boundaries in this world. Instead, accept our role, have regard for nature, respect the Higher Being, and finally consider the consequences of our actions. If all aspects are considered, the undeveloped and seemingly pointless analogies illustrated by Kelly and Sale can be thankfully avoided. Works Cited Kelly, Kevin. "Interview With The Luddite." Andrea A.Lunsford and John J. Ruszkiewicz, The Presence Of Others: Voices That Call For A Response. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1997. (243-253)

Research on Student Difficulties in Understanding Chemical Reactions

ASSIGMNET 1| Research on student difficulties in Understanding Chemical reactions| Misconceptions on Strength of Acids and Bases| | Mariyam Zaina, 015482| | | TITLE & INTRODUCTION Title: Misconceptions on Strength of Acids and Bases Researches shows that students often develops new theories about how the natural world works, prior to formal science education and frequently those theories are different to those of scientists(Demircioglu et al. , 2005).Students develop those scientific conceptions from many sources such as personal experiences (eg: observations), gender, peer interaction, media, language, symbolic representations, textbooks etc†¦ In addition, sometimes teachers also serve as major sources for alternative conceptions (Chiu, 2005) and such self-constructed conceptions are referred as misconceptions. Misconceptions are ideas which are not in agreement with accepted scientific ideas (Demircioglu et al. 2005). If students have misconceptions they are then likely to rej ect the scientist’s viewpoints, thus it would be very important for teachers to find about the misconceptions about the concepts to be taught (Khurshid & Iqbal, 2009) It is known that secondary schools students found chemistry as one of the most difficult subjects and thus many students have difficulty in understanding the most basic concepts in the subject.Researches shows that students have lot of topic in chemistry with misconceptions and one such examined topic includes acids and bases (Demircioglu et al. , 2005). Many studies show that students have a lot of complexity in understanding the right concepts in acids and bases. Some of them include that students often fail to give examples of weak acids and bases and also claims that pH is the tool more measuring acidity. And students often refer acids as chemicals hat are corrosive or chemicals that eat away everything. Furthermore students think that the more hydrogen ions present in a chemical the strength of its acidity increase. And such misconceptions make the topic acids and bases more abstract, boring and difficult to understand (Halim et al. , 2010). This research is conducted to clarify students such misconceptions or alternative theories on the concept â€Å"Strength of acids and Bases† under the topic Acids and Bases.The misconceptions taken into consideration are: * Substances containing H are acidic and substances containing OH are basic * A strong acid doesn’t dissociate in water solution, because its intra-molecular bonds are very strong * Concentrated acids are dangerous but concentrated bases are not * As the value of pH increases, acidity increases * As the number of hydrogen atoms increases in the formula of an acid, its acidity becomes stronger * All acids burn and melt everything * All acids and bases are harmful and poisonous * Alkalis are strong bases * Strength and concentration mean the same thing The strongest acid is the most concentrated acid (Demircioglu et a l. , 2005). Some important key term used in this research include misconceptions (defined in the first paragraph), Strong acid, weak acid, dilute acid, concentrated acid, This is a topic usually confused by students and most of the time they accidently confuse the specific terms such as â€Å"strong acid† with contracted acid or corrosive acid. In fact it means neither of those things. A strong acid is an acid which is fully ionized in solution and a weak acid is an acid which partially dissociates in solution.Similarly a strong base is base which ionizes fully in solution and weak bases get partially ionized in solution (Strong and Weak Acids and Bases, n. d). Concentrated acid has a relatively large amount of solute dissolved in the solvent. A dilute acid has a relatively smaller amount of solute dissolved in the solvent (Acid Strength, n. d) In this research it is assumed that all the students who participated in the survey are students who studied chemistry and thus would be thorough with the topic acids and bases. And also the students have answered all the uestions individually without any help or guidance and have given honest answers according to their levels of understanding. Furthermore it is assumed that students would be able to draw the molecular representation of the dissociations of ions in water by showing the molecules or ions present. The Rationale From various researchers done on student’s understanding of the topic acids and bases it is found that lot of secondary schools students have very different ideas or misconceptions on the concept strong and weak acids and bases.In a lot of situations students often describe ‘strong’ and ‘weak’ as being synonymous with ‘concentrated’ and ‘dilute’. And most of the time these misconceptions arise because teachers are not aware of students prior or existing knowledge about a concept or do not address to such alternative theories they hav e about the concept. Which lead to students into more confusion and let them go ahead with their wrong concept. So the purpose of this investigation was to find students misconceptions on the concept of strong and weak acids and bases via a questionnaire.Furthermore the purpose of the research is to find the students misconceptions on the concept acids and bases in Maldivian schools and thus find ways to implement lesson which could address their misconceptions as future teachers. Procedure Research was conducted using a probing tool to find students misconceptions. And the tool used was a questionnaire with multiple choices, fill in the blanks using the best word from the words give and a question where students have to draw and show their ideas on the concept. The questionnaire was given to grade 25 students of grade 9 from Dharumavantha School.Students were chosen randomly from five classes of 9. From each class 5 students were just chosen randomly and asked to fill the questionn aire (Refer appendix for all the questionnaire students have filled). After that the forms were collected and the data was analyzed and percentage of the students choices were found and presented in the result sections RESULT Question 1 – Misconception; Substances containing H are acidic and substances containing OH are basic Figure 1: Percentage of students’ choices for the question number one. According to 62. 5% students A is the best choice.And no students have chosen D as the answer Question 2 – Misconception; Concentrated acids are dangerous but concentrated bases are not Figure 2: Percentage of students’ choices for the Question number 2. 52% students have chosen A as the answer while the rest of the students think the correct answer is D Questions 3- Misconception; as the number of hydrogen atoms increases in the formula of an acid, its acidity becomes stronger Figure 2: Percentage of students’ choices for the Question number 3 according to highest percentage of students’ choice B which is phosphoric acid is the strongest acidQuestion 4 – Misconception; Alkalis are strong Bases Figure 2: Percentage of students’ choices for the Question number 4 the highest percentages of students have chosen A as the answer. But there isn’t a huge difference between students choices Question 5 – all the acids and alkalis are harmful and poisonous Figure 2: Percentage of students’ choices for the Question number 5 it shows that for this question different student had different views. And most of the students with 36% chosed A as the answer Question 6 – Misconception; All the acids will eat and burn everything awayFigure 2: Percentage of students’ choices for the Question number 6 According to 84% students not all acids will burn and eat everything away. Only some acids will burn and eat everything away. Question 7 – Misconception; Strength and Concentration means the same t hing Figure 2: Percentage of students’ choices for the Question number 7 Result shows that most of the students do not have this misconception; only about 24% students have the misconception while 76% are well aware of the concept strength and concentrated Question 8- Misconception; as pH increases acidity also increases.Figure 2: Percentage of students’ choices for the Question number 8 Almost all the students were clear about this concept that as pH increases acidity decreases Questions 9 – Misconception; A strong acid doesn’t dissociate in water solution, because its intra-molecular bonds are very strong. Figure 2: Percentage of students’ choices for the Question number 9 – 44% students were able to draw and show the microscopic dissociation of ions in strong and weak acids with all criterions present. And 8% students drew with some criteria missing.And the rest of the 48% students had misconceptions about the dissociation of strong and w eak acids in water Question 10 –Misconception; the strongest acid is the most concentrated acid Figure 2: Percentage of students’ choices for the Question number 9 – it shows that most of the students is quite clear with this misconception. Yet 36% students still have the misconception that the strongest acid is the most concentrated acid DISCUSSION The first misconception dealt in the research was one of the very basic concepts under acids and bases.That is the definition for an acid and a base. A common misconception is that acids are chemicals with hydrogen (H) in the chemical formula and bases are chemicals with OH in the formula. 62. 5% students think that C2H5OH is basic as it has OH in its formula. 4. 2% students think C6H12O6 is both acidic and basic as it has both H and OH in its formula. While the rest of the 33. 3% gave the correct answer which is C6H12O6 and C2H5OH is neither acidic nor basic even though they have H and OH in the formula.But the resu lt also shows that all the students are aware that ammonia is not an acid even if it has H in its formula. Acid is a substance that gives H+ ions when dissolved in water. Acids are compounds that contain hydrogen, however there are compounds that contains hydrogen in their formulas but does not act as acids; for an example water, H2O, ammonia NH3. A base in definition is that substance which gives OH- ions when dissolved in water. Thus they are not substance with OH present.There are many substances that contain OH and H, yet does not act as acids or bases (Acids, Bases and Salts, 2005). For an example Sucrose, C6H12O6, contains H and OH, however, when dissolved in water it dissolves as intact molecules and does not ionize to produce any H+ or OH- ions, as shown by the equation: C6H12O6(s) + H2O(l) C6H12O6(aq). Since sugar molecules do not lose any H+ or OH- ions, sugar is not considered an acid. Alcohols (C2H5OH) have a characteristic hydroxyl group, OH, covalently bonded to the re st of the molecule.When alcohols dissolve in water they also dissolve molecularly and do not ionize. Since no OH- ions are released, alcohols are not bases (Concept or Skills Development, n. d). However from the research it shows that students are not very clear about this idea and because of that most of the students have chosen A as the answer. A student’s misconception is that only concentrated acids are dangerous while concentrated bases are not. This misconception also was proven from question 2, as 52% students have chosen concentrated HCl only as most dangerous.Yet, the result also talks to two sides because almost half of the students have chosen the correct choice (D) which says that both concentrated acid and base is dangerous. Choice A was a misconception. Weak acids and weak bases are not dangerous, but both strong acids and strong bases can both be harmful to human tissue. For an example lime is very strong base and that is the reason why a very small amount of l ime is present in concrete and mortar. And construction workers have to be very careful not to get it on their skins (Strong and Weak Acids and Bases).Another misconception was that as number of hydrogen in the chemical formula increases the strength of acid increases. According to 65% students this is true and thus they have chosen H3PO4 as the strongest acid and almost all the students have given the reason for their choice as having the most number of hydrogen in the formula. 31% students have chosen the correct answer which is sulfuric acid which is the strongest out of the three and have given the correct reason as, it could fully ionize in solution. Only 3% students have chosen nitric acid as the strongest acid.According to students the more hydrogen present it can contribute to more H+ to the solution, thus it would become stronger. The strength of an acid is determined by its ionization power which determined by the pKa value. The lower the pKa value the stronger the acid. T hus H2SO4 is the strongest ith pKa = -3. 1 followed by nitric acid (pKa= -1. 3) and phosphoric acid (pKa = 2. 12) (William, n. d) The reason for this misconception might be because students have not learnt the pKa values and not gone into such details which would help to explain why an acid is becoming stronger.To clarify the misconception could give the pKa values as an extra information for the students or could make the students clearer on the concept that the strength depends on the amount of dissociation. Fourth question is about the misconception that alkalis are strong bases. Some students have the misconception that as alkalis is basic substances that dissolves in water they are strong bases. And from the survey it shows that 24% students do have this misconception.But it shows that apart from this misconception, most (36%) students have another wrong concept that alkalis and bases are same. 28% students do know the right answer from the choices given. Results of 5th questio n show that just 24% of students had the misconception that all the acids and alkalis were harmful and poisonous. Majority of students (36%) think that only concentrated HCl and concentrated NaOH will be harmful and poisonous, which was the correct choice out of the acids and bases is given.Dilute ethanoic acid would not be harmful as it would be used in many of the foods items as well. Also would not be dilute ammonia. Thus the result coveys the message that majority of students are clear about the above misconception. Yet there are few students with different views so as teachers need to show students the differences by showing examples as such. Sometimes students are not aware of the idea that they eat and drink acids, so if they know better acids such as citric acids, acetic acids would e able to clear this misconception Sixth, seventh and eight questions it shows that majority students do not have the misconception identified. Sixth question 84% students know the correct answer s for the blank which is â€Å"some† acids would burn and eat everything away. Seventh question was check whether students really knows the difference between concentrated and strong acids. It was an application question and 76% students have given the right answer which is â€Å"concentrated†. Only 24% students had the misconception that ‘concentrated’ and ‘strong’ means the same.The students might have given the correct answer because two concentrations were given. For those who have given the correct answer whether they really know the difference, a different type of question with the same misconception was given (question 10). The correct answer for the 10th question was C which shows the full dissociated acid and thus it would be the strongest. 64% students have chosen this as the answer. Which shows some students knows that strong acids are those which dissociate fully.However majority of students from that 64% has given the reason for t heir answers wrong. According to them C is correct because it contains the most number of molecules. So that means students do have the misconception about the strong and concentrated acids. Also 36% students chose D as the answer and most of their reason was that it has no water. This shows that their think strongest acid is the acid with least water present or otherwise the most concentrated acid. Eighth question none of the students had the misconception that as pH increases acidity increases.Some students might think as pH is the measure concentration of H+ ions as the pH increases the number H+ ions might increase thus would increase the acidity. Yet, all the students gave the correct answer for this question. For the 9th question a variety of answers were given. The misconception check was â€Å"the stronger the acid the lower the dissociation because the inter-molecular bond would be stronger and weak acids would dissociate more†. For this question it was checked wheth er the students had the following criteria’s.In weak acid shown the H-F not dissociated and very few H+ and F_ ions dissociated and in strong acid H-Cl fully dissociated into H+ and Cl- ions. And even if students have shown the water molecules or not shown it is correct. 44% students did draw the diagrams correctly with all the criteria given and have given the reasons as strong acid dissociate fully while weak acids would do partially. 8% students drew almost correct dissociations, but they most of them have not shown the ionic forms. (Refer appendix for students’ answers). And majority of students had misconceptions.Most of these students have shown more number of molecules in the strong acid side while less molecules’ in the weak side. Students have the concept that strong acids have more molecules’ and weak acid would have less. Only one student has given the reason as the stronger acid would have stronger bonds so dissociation would be lesser. Thus i t can be concluded that majority does not have that misconception but they do have another misconception which is mostly related to now knowing the actual meaning of strong and weak acids and also confusing it with concentrate and dilute.Considering the misconceptions it is important as teachers to take actions to eliminate such misconceptions. Firstly the students should be given instructions which foster conceptual understanding rather than rote memorization. Students are just given definitions of acids bases and they have memorized it, does not get any understanding as to how an acid becomes stronger weaker, concentrated or diluted (Yezdan, 2009). For an example students show the difference in this four by comparing the pH of the four types of acids; concentrated, dilute, weak and strong.In the class the students could be given discussion with teacher or peers to reflect on what they learnt and thus come up with the conceptions they have and thus the teacher can help in correctin g them (Yezdan, 2009) Students misunderstanding arises generally from their experience s in everyday life and such experiences could be used to even eliminate the misconceptions. For an examples from early child hood onwards by watching cartoons and all students think that an acid is something which will make a hole where ever put and it is always dangerous.But could brainstorm students’ understanding about the weak acids present in the materials that are used in day today lives and relate it to weak acids being harmless. Also demonstrating student the difference between a strong acid and concentrated acid rather than just giving definitions ((Demircioglu et al. , 2005). Also could establish analogical thinking between real life examples and the unknown while learning new information could discard misconceptions. For example, teacher asks to the students if there is a relationship between the number of hydrogen atoms that the acid contains and acidic strength.After taking stu dents responses and guiding the discussions till getting the true answer go one step further and asks â€Å"Is H3P04 stronger than HCl? â€Å". Then allows students to discuss again and reach the answer. In order to establish an analogical thinking with real life situations can ask â€Å"how do we measure the strength of the bulbs that we use at our homes? † and guide the discussions until students reach the fact that â€Å"If a bulb gives off a lot of light it is strong, a little Light it is weak† and then helps students to establish the analogy of if an acid ionizes a lot, it is strong; ionizes a little, it is weak like in the case of bulbs.Similarly, provide students to realize that only one bulb sometimes may give more light/ may be more powerful than the two or more bulbs like in the case of the acidic strength and the number of hydrogen atoms that an acid contain i. e. HCl is stronger acid than the H3P04 because it gives more hydrogen ions than H3P04 when disso ciates in water although it contains smaller number of hydrogen atom. Some limitations of this research include that the research is based only onto answer of 25 students which is a very small sample size to know the extent of overall students understanding.Also the sample is from one school, even the students understanding may differ in schools because of the differences in methodologies used in teaching same concept. Also even though it was assumed that students have given honest answers without help from anyone some students answers were very similar which should be because of copying or discussion so the authenticity is not very effective, need to make sure students do it individually. ConclusionsThe purpose of the research was to find whether the misconceptions stated in the introductions were there in the students and to check the extent of students’ understanding on the concept ‘strength of acids and bases’. According to the results majority of students ha ve a deeper understanding of the topic and does not have the most of the misconceptions stated. However some concepts such as â€Å"concentration is same as strength†, â€Å"as number of Hydrogen increases the acidity increase† and â€Å"substances with H in the formula is acidic and OH is basic†.These three misconceptions were found in majority of students and thus need to be dealt as they are one of the very basic and important concepts. And since chemistry as the topics are very much interrelated if the misconception persists it can lead into further misconceptions. So during teaching need to give more attention of those areas and try to use methods such as analogical thinking, demonstrations, applications questions which would help to clarify their misconceptions. Furthermore need to check students’ prior knowledge before going into the new concepts as it would be the foundation for the new knowledge.REFERENCES Acids, Bases and Salts. (2005). Retrieve d on August 17, 2011 from http://www. krysstal. com/acidbase. html Acid Strength. (n. d). Retrieved on August 17, 2011 from http://media. rsc. org/Misconceptions/Miscon%20acid%20strength. pdf Chiu. ,M. H. (2005). National Survey of Students’ Conceptions in chemistry in Taiwan. Retrieved on August 17, 2011 from http://old. iupac. org/publications/cei/vol6/07_Chiu. pdf Concept or Skills Development. (n. d). Retrieved on August 17, 2011 from http://www. okstate. edu/jgelder/acidPage25. htmlDemircioglu. G. , Ayas. A and Demircioglu. H. (2005). Conceptual change achieved through a new teaching program on acids and bases. Retrieved on August 17, 2011 from http://www. rsc. org/images/p3_Demircioglu_tcm18-31135. pdf Khurshid. , M and Iqbal. , M. Z. (2009). Children’s Misconceptions about Units on Changes, Acids and Laboratory Preparation of CO2. Retrieved on August 17, 2011 from http://pu. edu. pk/images/journal/ier/PDF-FILES/4-Childrens%20Misconceptions. pdf Halim. , N. D. A. , Ali. , M. B. , Yahaya. , N and Junaidi. , J. (2010).Learning acids and Bases through Inquiry Bases Website. Retrieved on August 17, 2011 from http://teknologimalaysia. academia. edu/noordayana/Papers/393231/Learning_Acids_and_Bases_Through_Inquiry_Based_Website Strong and Weak Acids and Bases. (n. d). Retrieved on August 17, 2011 from http://www. sky-web. pwp. blueyonder. co. uk/Science/strongacids. htm William. , R. (n. d). pKa Data. Retrieved on August 17, 2011 from http://research. chem. psu. edu/brpgroup/pKa_compilation. pdf APPENDIX Raw data of the survey conducted | QUESTION 1| | QUESTION 6|Choice | No. of students| %| | Choice | No. of students| %| A| 15| 62. 5| | Some| 21| 84. 0| B| 1| 4. 2| | All| 4| 16. 0| C| 8| 33. 3| |   | 25|   | D| 0| 0| | | | | | 24|   | | | | | | | | | | | | QUESTION 2| | QUESTION 7| Choice | No. of students| %| | Choice | No. of students| %| A| 13| 52. 0| | Concentrated| 19| 76. 0| B| 0| 0. 0| | stronger| 6| 24. 0| C| 0| 0. 0| | TOTAL| 25| 100. 0| D| 12| 48| | | | | TOTAL| 25| 100. 0| | | | | | | | | | | | QUESTION 3| | QUESTION 8| Choice | No. of students| %| | Choice | No. of students| %| A| 7| 30. | | Increase| 25| 100. 0| B| 15| 65. 2| | Decrease| 0| 0. 0| C| 1| 4. 3| | TOTAL| 25| 100. 0| TOTAL| 23| 100. 0| | | | | | | | | | | | QUESTION 4| | QUESTION 9| Choice | No. of students| %| | Choice | No. of students| %| A| 2| 8. 0| | shown all the criteas | 11| 44. 0| B| 19| 76. 0| | Some criteria missing| 2| 8. 0| C| 2| 8. 0| | misinterpretation of the concept| 12| 48. 0| D| 2| 8| | TOTAL| 25| 100. 0| TOTAL| 25| 100. 0| | | | | | | | | | | | QUESTION 5| | QUESTION 10| Choice | No. of students| %| | Choice | No. of students| %| A| 9| 36. 0| | A| 0| 0. 0|

Monopoly †economics Essay

In this chapter, look for the answers to these questions: ? Why do monopolies arise? ? Why is MR < P for a monopolist? ? How do monopolies choose their P and Q? ? How do monopolies affect society’s well-being? ? What can the government do about monopolies? ? What is price discrimination? Economics PRINCIPLES OF N. Gregory Mankiw Premium PowerPoint Slides by Ron Cronovich  © 2009 South-Western, a part of Cengage Learning, all rights reserved 1 Introduction ? A monopoly is a firm that is the sole seller of a product without close substitutes. Why Monopolies Arise. The main cause of monopolies is barriers to entry – other firms cannot enter the market. Three sources of barriers to entry: 1. A single firm owns a key resource. E. g. , DeBeers owns most of the world’s diamond mines 2. The govt gives a single firm the exclusive right to produce the good. E. g. , patents, copyright laws 2 ? In this chapter, we study monopoly and contrast it with perfect competition. ? The key difference: A monopoly firm has market power, the ability to influence the market price of the product it sells. A competitive firm has no market power. MONOPOLY MONOPOLY 3 Why Monopolies Arise 3. Natural monopoly: a single firm can produce the entire market Q at lower cost than could several firms. Example: 1000 homes need electricity ATC is lower if one firm services all 1000 homes than if two firms each service 500 homes. MONOPOLY Monopoly vs. Competition: Demand Curves In a competitive market, the market demand curve slopes downward. But the demand curve for any individual firm’s product is horizontal at the market price. The firm can increase Q without lowering P, so MR = P for the competitive firm. 4 Cost Electricity ATC slopes downward due to huge FC and small MC ATC 500 1000 Q P A competitive firm’s demand curve $80 $50 D Q 5 MONOPOLY 1 10/23/2012 Monopoly vs. Competition: Demand Curves A monopolist is the only seller, so it faces the market demand curve. To sell a larger Q, the firm must reduce P. Thus, MR ? P. P ACTIVE LEARNING A monopoly’s revenue Common Grounds is the only seller of cappuccinos in town. The table shows the market demand for cappuccinos. Fill in the missing spaces of the table. Q 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 P $4. 50 4. 00 3. 50 3. 00 2. 50 2. 00 1. 50 7 1 TR AR n. a. MR A monopolist’s demand curve D Q MONOPOLY 6 What is the relation between P and AR? Between P and MR? ACTIVE LEARNING Answers Here, P = AR, same as for a competitive firm. Here, MR < P, whereas MR = P for a competitive firm. Q 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 Common Grounds’ D and MR Curves P TR $0 4 7 9 10 10 9 AR n. a. $4. 00 3. 50 3. 00 2. 50 2. 00 1. 50 8 MR $4 3 2 1 0 –1 Q P MR $4 3 2 1 0 –1 $4. 50 4. 00 3. 50 3. 00 2. 50 2. 00 1. 50 0 $4. 50 1 2 3 4 5 6 4. 00 3. 50 3. 00 2. 50 2. 00 1. 50 P, MR $5 4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 0 1 2 3 Demand curve (P) MR 4 5 6 7 Q 9 MONOPOLY Understanding the Monopolist’s MR ? Increasing Q has two effects on revenue: ? Output effect: higher output raises revenue ? Price effect: lower price reduces revenue ? To sell a larger Q, the monopolist must reduce the price on all the units it sells. Profit-Maximization ? Like a competitive firm, a monopolist maximizes profit by producing the quantity where MR = MC. ? Once the monopolist identifies this quantity, it sets the highest price consumers are willing to pay for that quantity. ? Hence, MR < P ? MR could even be negative if the price effect exceeds the output effect (e. g. , when Common Grounds increases Q from 5 to 6). 10 ? It finds this price from the D curve. MONOPOLY MONOPOLY 11 2 10/23/2012 Profit-Maximization 1. The profitmaximizing Q is where MR = MC. 2. Find P from the demand curve at this Q. Q Costs and Revenue MC The Monopolist’s Profit Costs and Revenue MC ATC P D MR Quantity As with a competitive firm, the monopolist’s profit equals (P – ATC) x Q P ATC D MR Q Quantity Profit-maximizing output MONOPOLY 12 MONOPOLY 13 A Monopoly Does Not Have an S Curve A competitive firm ? takes P as given ? has a supply curve that shows how its Q depends on P. A monopoly firm ? is a â€Å"price-maker,† not a â€Å"price-taker† ? Q does not depend on P; rather, Q and P are jointly determined by MC, MR, and the demand curve. So there is no supply curve for monopoly. MONOPOLY 14 CASE STUDY: Monopoly vs. Generic Drugs Patents on new drugs give a temporary monopoly to the seller. Price The market for a typical drug PM When the patent expires, PC = MC the market becomes competitive, generics appear. QM D MR Quantity QC MONOPOLY 15 The Welfare Cost of Monopoly ? Recall: In a competitive market equilibrium, P = MC and total surplus is maximized. The Welfare Cost of Monopoly Competitive eq’m: quantity = QC P = MC total surplus is maximized Monopoly eq’m: quantity = QM P > MC deadweight loss Price Deadweight MC loss? In the monopoly eq’m, P > MR = MC ? The value to buyers of an additional unit (P) exceeds the cost of the resources needed to produce that unit (MC). ? The monopoly Q is too low – could increase total surplus with a larger Q. ? Thus, monopoly results in a deadweight loss. P P = MC MC D MR QM QC Quantity MONOPOLY 16 MONOPOLY 17 3 10/23/2012 Price Discrimination ? Discrimination: treating people differently based on some characteristic, e. g. race or gender. Perfect Price Discrimination vs. Single Price Monopoly Here, the monopolist charges the same price (PM) to all buyers. A deadweight loss results. Price Consumer surplus Deadweight loss ? Price discrimination: selling the same good at different prices to different buyers. PM MC ? The characteristic used in price discrimination is willingness to pay (WTP): ? A firm can increase profit by charging a higher price to buyers with higher WTP. Monopoly profit D MR QM MONOPOLY 18 Quantity 19 MONOPOLY Perfect Price Discrimination vs. Single Price Monopoly Here, the monopolist produces the competitive quantity, but charges each buyer his or her WTP. This is called perfect price discrimination. The monopolist captures all CS as profit. But there’s no DWL. MONOPOLY Price Discrimination in the Real World ? In the real world, perfect price discrimination is not possible: ? No firm knows every buyer’s WTP ? Buyers do not announce it to sellers Price Monopoly profit ? So, firms divide customers into groups MC D MR Quantity based on some observable trait that is likely related to WTP, such as age. Q 20 MONOPOLY 21 Examples of Price Discrimination Movie tickets Discounts for seniors, students, and people who can attend during weekday afternoons. They are all more likely to have lower WTP than people who pay full price on Friday night. Airline prices Discounts for Saturday-night stayovers help distinguish business travelers, who usually have higher WTP, from more price-sensitive leisure travelers. MONOPOLY 22 Examples of Price Discrimination Discount coupons People who have time to clip and organize coupons are more likely to have lower income and lower WTP than others. Need-based financial aid Low income families have lower WTP for their children’s college education. Schools price-discriminate by offering need-based aid to low income families. MONOPOLY 23 4 10/23/2012 Examples of Price Discrimination Quantity discounts A buyer’s WTP often declines with additional units, so firms charge less per unit for large quantities than small ones. Example: A movie theater charges $4 for a small popcorn and $5 for a large one that’s twice as big. Public Policy Toward Monopolies ? Increasing competition with antitrust laws ? Ban some anticompetitive practices, allow govt to break up monopolies. ? E. g. , Sherman Antitrust Act (1890), Clayton Act (1914) ? Regulation ? Govt agencies set the monopolist’s price. ? For natural monopolies, MC < ATC at all Q, so marginal cost pricing would result in losses. ? If so, regulators might subsidize the monopolist or set P = ATC for zero economic profit. MONOPOLY 24 MONOPOLY 25 Public Policy Toward Monopolies ? Public ownership ? Example: U. S. Postal Service ? Problem: Public ownership is usually less efficient since no profit motive to minimize costs CONCLUSION: The Prevalence of Monopoly ? Doing nothing ? The foregoing policies all have drawbacks, so the best policy may be no policy. ? In the real world, pure monopoly is rare. ? Yet, many firms have market power, due to: ? selling a unique variety of a product ? having a large market share and few significant competitors ? In many such cases, most of the results from this chapter apply, including: ? markup of price over marginal cost ? deadweight loss MONOPOLY 26 MONOPOLY 27 CHAPTER SUMMARY ? A monopoly firm is the sole seller in its market. Monopolies arise due to barriers to entry, including: government-granted monopolies, the control of a key resource, or economies of scale over the entire range of output. CHAPTER SUMMARY ? Monopoly firms maximize profits by producing the quantity where marginal revenue equals marginal cost. But since marginal revenue is less than price, the monopoly price will be greater than marginal cost, leading to a deadweight loss. ? A monopoly firm faces a downward-sloping demand curve for its product. As a result, it must reduce price to sell a larger quantity, which causes marginal revenue to fall below price. 28 ? Monopoly firms (and others with market power) try to raise their profits by charging higher prices to consumers with higher willingness to pay. This practice is called price discrimination. 29 5 10/23/2012 CHAPTER SUMMARY ? Policymakers may respond by regulating monopolies, using antitrust laws to promote competition, or by taking over the monopoly and running it. Due to problems with each of these options, the best option may be to take no action. 30 6.

Polanski Review of Macbeth essays

Polanski Review of Macbeth essays From what I remember about the movie (which isnt much seeing as we watched it over a month ago), it is extremely difficult for me to draw conclusions as to how it related to the events that occurred in Roman Polanskis life. I honestly do not feel that the events of Polanskis life had any bearing on the making of the movie Macbeth. It may have been purely coincidental that he accepted the position as director of a movie with so many gory murder scenes, which may have led people into believing that it was a reflection of his own life when in reality it wasnt. The commonality between the movie and his life are that many people died horrible, tragic, bloody deaths for no reason. However this would have been the plot line for the movie whether or not Polanski directed it. So to draw conclusions and say that the movie turned out the way it did because Polanski directed it would be incorrect. Also the minor changes between the play and the movie such as Ross being portrayed as the third mur derer (in the movie, not the play) and Lady Macbeth committing suicide by jumping out of a window (in the movie. In the play it is unknown) show no correlation between Polanskis life experiences. So to say that the changes he made from the play to the movie were a reflection of his life would also be incorrect because there is absolutely no connection. The events of Polanskis life were tragic, as was the plot for the movie and play, but just because they seem to coincide with one another does not mean that it was of any fault or reflection of the events of the past year in Polanskis life. ...

Specific Actions Should Christains Take in Regards to the Environment Essay

Specific Actions Should Christains Take in Regards to the Environment and Its Preservation - Essay Example Specific Actions of Christians In Regard To Environment and Its Preservation Environment has faced serious moments of degradation and depletion across all corners of the world. The beginning environmental depletion and degradation could date back to the early industrialization periods that emerged in Europe and, which spread to other countries of the world. Environmental degradation have involved emission of poisonous smokes, clearing of forests for cultivation and settlement, uncontrolled use of hazardous chemicals, poor methods of solid waste disposal and overexploitation of natural resources. Furthermore, environmental degradation have encompassed and not limited to water pollution, uncontrolled noise, poaching of game animals and overfishing among others. All the mentioned human activities have led to significant change of environmental conditions with the most felt effect being global warming that threatens to devastate the world if prompt and serious actions are not taken. All the causes and elements of environmental degradation can be rightfully attributed to the failure of human beings to perform and meet the responsibilities given to them by God the Creator. ... This achievement will only become possible when Christians in collectiveness agree to stop depletion of forests that reflects and defines the actual nature. Forests are in fact the habitats of many animals and sources of rivers that supply fresh water for human and animal consumption. Belopopsky (2012) sufficiently recommends that, â€Å"human beings should sacrifice part of their wants to meet the standards of preserving nature as demanded by God†. In a nutshell, Belopopsky (2012) argues that human activities and desire for prosperity has led to uncontrolled rates of environmental degradation and it is high time Christians should adhere to the Bible and accept foregoing certain basic needs for the sake of preserving the natural environment. Christians should make sacrifices and set small parcels of land for their settlement and cultivation and leave a proportionately large part of land for inhabitation by forests and wild animals. Sacrificing wants as recommended by Belopopsk y (2012) also means that Christians should forego certain economic needs that would lead them into destroying the natural forests for economic gains. Dennison with reference to the book of Proverbs 12:10 recall that, â€Å"Bible commands respect for animals in their own sphere†. Christians therefore should work hard and in conformity to the Biblical ordinances to ensure protection and maximum respect of wild animals that are in the verge of extinction. In achieving the mission, Christians have to contribute and solicit for funds for establishing game parks and animal reserves to safe keeping of the endangered species from the target of the poachers. Christians should also set in place strict laws and rules that recommend for severe

Life Cycle Assessment of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Literature review

Life Cycle Assessment of Greenhouse Gas Emissions - Literature review Example This increase in demand will lead to construction of new power plants; this means that more greenhouse gas will be released into environment; and the environment will continue to be affected by the greenhouse emissions. Generally, there exists a number of ways in which electric energy (electricity) is produced; and each method of production has benefits and disadvantages in relation to operation cost, and impact on the environment, among other factors. For example, the major sources of electric energy include: nuclear energy, coal, natural gas, hydroelectric, oil, biomass, solar and wind among others. Therefore, there is a great need that the future power plants are built such that greenhouse emissions are kept as minimum as possible, and environmental impact is minimized. In this regard, this research paper has carried out a life cycle assessment of greenhouse gas emissions from four natural gas and biomass power plants in United Kingdom. The plants investigated in this research inc lude: Elean, Knapton, Sleaford and Sutton Bridge power plants. These power plants source electricity from natural gas, oil, and/or biomass among others. Table of Contents 1.INTRODUCTION 5 1.1 Aims 6 1.2 Problem statement 6 2.LITERATURE REVIEW 7 2.1 Understanding Lifecycle assessment 7 2.2 Lifecycle assessment of the various energy sources 8 2.2.1 Fossil Fuel 8 2.2.2 Lignite 8 2.2.3 Coal 8 2.2.4 Oil 9 2.2.5 Biomass 9 3.METHODOLOGY 9 4.ELEAN POWER PLANT 10 4.1 Power plant’s Brief preview 10 4.2 Characteristics of straw used on the power (the major source of fuel) 10 4.3 Life cycle assessment of greenhouse gas emissions from Elean Power Plant 12 4.3.1 The source of Straw used in Elean Power Plant 12 4.3.2 Transportation of straw to the power plant 12 4.3.3 Calculation of greenhouse emissions as a result of combusion of diesel 18 4.4 Emission with carbon capture 33 4.5 MASS BALANCE FOR ELEAN POWER PLANT 34 4.6 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF ELEAN POWER PLANT 37 5.SLEAFORD RENEWABLE ENERGY PLANT 39 5.1 Preview of sleaford power plant 39 5.2 Life cycle assessment of greenhouse gas emissions from Sleaford Renewable Energy 41 5.3 Calculation of greenhouse emissions as a result of combusion of diesel 44 5.4 Emission with carbon capture 56 5.5 Mass Balance 56 5.6 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS FOR SLEAFORD RENEWABLE ENERGY 59 6SUTTON BRIDGE POWER STATION 60 6.1 Brief Preview of the power plant 60 6.2 Life cycle assessment of greenhouse gas emissions from Sutton Bridge Power Plant 61 6.3 Emission with carbon capture 67 Elean power plant is considered one of the major Biomass fired power stations in the world; in fact, according to Farming and Countryside Education (2013), it is the largest power plant in the world that is powered by straw. In addition, it is normally considered the first straw fired power plant in the United Kingdom. It is located in Cambridgeshire at Sutton area near Ely, and it was constructed in the period between 1998 and 2000 (that is, construction of the power pla nt begun in 1998, and was completed in 2000) (Farming and Countryside Education, 2013). It is estimated that the power plant consumes approximately 200000 tonnes of straw every year, and that it generates electric power that is enough to serve about 800000 homes (Galbraith, et al., 2006). Or according to   Farming and Countryside Education (2013), it produces electric power that is enough to power two towns whose sizes can be compared to that of Cambridge.   Elean power plant has two barns which are 18 meters high, and are used to house straw (fuel for the production of electricty); these barns are located on the either side the plants 25 meter high boiler   (Centre for Climate and Energy Solutions, 2012). In order that the plant fits perfectly into unfavourable surrounding landscape, it was constructed approximately 8 meters into the ground surface   (Brem, 2005).